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Related Concept Videos

Heterochromatin02:38

Heterochromatin

The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions that take up more dye are called heterochromatin. Heterochromatin is further classified into two forms – constitutive heterochromatin and facultative heterochromatin.
Constitutive heterochromatin: It is a highly compact region of chromatin that is mostly concentrated in the centromere and telomere. Unlike euchromatin, the amino acid at 9th...
Heterochromatin02:38

Heterochromatin

The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions that take up more dye are called heterochromatin. Heterochromatin is further classified into two forms – constitutive heterochromatin and facultative heterochromatin.
Constitutive heterochromatin: It is a highly compact region of chromatin that is mostly concentrated in the centromere and telomere. Unlike euchromatin, the amino acid at 9th...
Hedgehog Signaling Pathway02:33

Hedgehog Signaling Pathway

The Hedgehog gene (Hh) was first discovered due to its control of the growth of disorganized, hair-like bristles phenotype in Drosophila, much like hedgehog spines. Hh plays a crucial role in the development of organs and the maintenance of homeostasis in both invertebrates and vertebrates. However, while Drosophila has only one Hh protein, mammals have multiple functional Hedgehog proteins - Sonic (Shh), Desert (Dhh), and Indian Hedgehog (Ihh). All of these homologous proteins have adapted to...
Euchromatin01:01

Euchromatin

The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions take up more dye, appearing darker, while the less-compact areas take up less dye and appear lighter. Based on the compaction level, chromatins are classified into two primary forms – euchromatin and heterochromatin.
Euchromatin is the less dense region of the chromatin and stains lighter. Euchromatin contains histone H3 extensively...
Euchromatin01:01

Euchromatin

The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions take up more dye, appearing darker, while the less-compact areas take up less dye and appear lighter. Based on the compaction level, chromatins are classified into two primary forms – euchromatin and heterochromatin.
Euchromatin is the less dense region of the chromatin and stains lighter. Euchromatin contains histone H3 extensively...
Huntington Disease l: Introduction01:21

Huntington Disease l: Introduction

Huntington disease or HD is a progressive, fatal neurodegenerative disorder inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern.PathophysiologyIt is caused by expansion of the CAG trinucleotide repeat in the HTT gene on chromosome 4 (4p16.3), producing an abnormal huntingtin protein with an expanded polyglutamine tract. This misfolded protein disrupts cellular function, leading to neuronal death. Normal alleles have ≤26 repeats, 27–35 are intermediate (risk of expansion), 36–39 show reduced penetrance,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Fractionation for Resolution of Soluble and Insoluble Huntingtin Species
07:08

Fractionation for Resolution of Soluble and Insoluble Huntingtin Species

Published on: February 27, 2018

Huntingtin facilitates polycomb repressive complex 2.

Ihn Sik Seong1, Juliana M Woda, Ji-Joon Song

  • 1Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.

Human Molecular Genetics
|November 26, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Huntingtin protein

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Efficient and Scalable Production of Full-length Human Huntingtin Variants in Mammalian Cells using a Transient Expression System
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Last Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Fractionation for Resolution of Soluble and Insoluble Huntingtin Species
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Toxicological Assays for Testing Effects of an Epigenetic Drug on Development, Fecundity and Survivorship of Malaria Mosquitoes
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Efficient and Scalable Production of Full-length Human Huntingtin Variants in Mammalian Cells using a Transient Expression System
10:52

Efficient and Scalable Production of Full-length Human Huntingtin Variants in Mammalian Cells using a Transient Expression System

Published on: December 10, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Epigenetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by expanded polyglutamine segments in the huntingtin protein.
  • Huntingtin protein's structure and function, particularly its role in macromolecular complexes, remain incompletely understood.
  • Shared embryonic phenotypes between huntingtin deficiency and Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) suggest a potential functional link.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the domain structure of full-length huntingtin protein.
  • To explore the interaction between huntingtin and the epigenetic regulator PRC2.
  • To elucidate the role of the polyglutamine region in huntingtin's function.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of full-length recombinant huntingtin proteins with varying polyglutamine lengths.
  • Examination of PRC2 regulation in embryos lacking huntingtin.
  • Biochemical assays to assess huntingtin's effect on PRC2 activity in vitro.

Main Results:

  • Huntingtin protein exhibits conformational flexibility with distinct alpha-helical domains.
  • Huntingtin deficiency impairs PRC2-mediated epigenetic regulation, including Hox gene expression and X chromosome inactivation.
  • Full-length huntingtin stimulates PRC2 activity, with the polyglutamine region enhancing this stimulatory role.

Conclusions:

  • Huntingtin protein acts as a facilitator for the PRC2 complex, influencing epigenetic regulation.
  • The polyglutamine tract modulates huntingtin's interaction with and stimulation of PRC2.
  • This study links a neurodegenerative disease protein to a key epigenetic complex, opening new avenues for research.