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11:10
Expression, Purification, and Antimicrobial Activity of S100A12
Published on: May 13, 2017
S100 Calgranulins in inflammatory arthritis
Chandima Perera1, H Patrick McNeil, Carolyn L Geczy
1Centre for Infection and Inflammation Research, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
Immunology and Cell Biology
|November 26, 2009
Summary
Calgranulins (S100A8, S100A9, S100A12) are calcium-binding proteins with complex roles in inflammation. This review highlights their underappreciated protective and regulatory functions beyond pro-inflammatory actions, particularly in inflammatory arthritis.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Molecular Biology
- Biochemistry
Background:
- Calgranulins (S100A8, S100A9, S100A12) are calcium-binding proteins primarily expressed by myeloid cells.
- These proteins are implicated in various diseases, including inflammatory arthritis, atherosclerosis, and infections.
- Existing research often emphasizes their pro-inflammatory roles, potentially overlooking other functions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the multifaceted biology of calgranulins.
- To highlight their diverse intracellular and extracellular functions.
- To focus on their pleiotropic roles in inflammatory arthritis, including regulatory and protective aspects.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of calgranulin research.
- Analysis of S100A8, S100A9, and S100A12 functions.
- Examination of their roles in inflammatory processes and disease.
Main Results:
- S100A8 and S100A9 exhibit complex, context-dependent actions, forming the heterocomplex calprotectin.
- S100A8 possesses significant anti-oxidant properties, contributing to host protection.
- S100A12 is predominantly pro-inflammatory, activating mast cells and serving as a potential biomarker for inflammatory disease activity.
Conclusions:
- Calgranulins possess diverse functions, including regulatory, anti-oxidant, and protective roles, which are crucial in inflammatory conditions.
- Understanding the full spectrum of calgranulin activities is essential for comprehending their involvement in diseases like inflammatory arthritis.
- S100A12 shows promise as a sensitive biomarker for assessing inflammatory disease activity.
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