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Related Concept Videos

Gene-Environment Interactions01:20

Gene-Environment Interactions

Gene expression is a dynamic process that is significantly influenced by environmental factors. This interaction underlies the complex nature of biological development and the phenotypic differences observed among individuals, even among those with identical genetic makeups. Factors such as radiation, temperature, behavior, nutrition, and stress play pivotal roles in determining how genes are expressed. The concept of the reaction range is central to understanding this interaction. It posits...
Background and Environment Affect Phenotype02:27

Background and Environment Affect Phenotype

Although the genetic makeup of an organism plays a major role in determining the phenotype, there are also several environmental factors, such as temperature, oxygen availability, presence of mutagens, that can alter an organism’s phenotype.
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...
Human Genetics01:28

Human Genetics

Human genetics provides a profound framework for understanding the interplay between genetic predispositions and human psychology. At the heart of this discipline lies the study of how genes influence physical traits, behaviors, and susceptibility to diseases. Each person carries a unique genetic code that subtly or significantly shapes their psychological and behavioral landscape.
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Obesity01:24

Obesity

The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in adipocytes...
Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Metabolism and Excretion01:20

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Drug metabolism, a critical process in the liver, involves two primary phases: Phase I reactions and Phase II conjugation. Obesity introduces significant alterations in this metabolic process, primarily due to fatty infiltration of the liver, leading to conditions such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This condition can modify the activities of both Phase I and II enzymes, impacting how drugs are metabolized in obese patients.Phase I metabolism sees variable effects across...
Type II Diabetes I: Introduction01:26

Type II Diabetes I: Introduction

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, in which target tissues such as the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue respond poorly to insulin. It is also associated with inadequate compensatory insulin secretion, where pancreatic β-cells fail to produce sufficient insulin. Together, these abnormalities lead to persistent hyperglycemia.EtiologyT2DM develops through a complex interaction of genetic predisposition and environmental or...

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Sample Preparation to Bioinformatics Analysis of DNA Methylation: Association Strategy for Obesity and Related Trait Studies
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Sample Preparation to Bioinformatics Analysis of DNA Methylation: Association Strategy for Obesity and Related Trait Studies

Published on: May 6, 2022

Gene-environment interactions in obesity.

Marion M Hetherington, Joanne E Cecil

    Forum of Nutrition
    |December 4, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Obesity is a growing global health issue. Genetic factors, particularly the FTO gene, significantly influence obesity risk by affecting energy intake and satiety, interacting with environmental influences.

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    Published on: April 4, 2012

    Area of Science:

    • Genetics and Public Health

    Background:

    • Obesity is a significant global health concern with severe co-morbidities like diabetes and heart disease.
    • The rise in obesity suggests environmental and behavioral factors driving an energy imbalance, but individual susceptibility varies.
    • Genetic predisposition plays a crucial role, with common obesity being polygenic and involving complex gene-environment interactions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To explore the genetic underpinnings of obesity, focusing on gene-environment interactions.
    • To identify key genes and genetic loci associated with polygenic obesity.
    • To understand how genetic variations influence energy intake, expenditure, and satiety.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of established research on the genetic contribution to obesity.
    • Analysis of candidate gene variants involved in energy regulation pathways.
    • Examination of the role of specific genetic loci, such as the FTO gene, in obesity predisposition.

    Main Results:

    • Common obesity is polygenic, resulting from intricate gene-gene and gene-environment interactions.
    • Candidate genes like FTO, PPARG, POMC, and MC4R are implicated in regulating energy balance.
    • The FTO gene is strongly associated with obesity, increasing energy intake and reducing satiety.

    Conclusions:

    • Genetic factors, especially variations in genes like FTO, are critical determinants of obesity risk.
    • Understanding genotype-environment interactions is key to developing effective obesity intervention strategies.
    • Modifiable behavioral changes targeting these interactions offer potential for obesity management.