Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Signal Transduction: Overview01:26

Signal Transduction: Overview

Cells respond to many types of information, often through receptor proteins positioned on the membrane. They respond to chemical signals, such as hormones, neurotransmitters, and other signaling molecules, initiating a series of molecular reactions to produce an appropriate response. This is called signal transduction. Cells also coordinate different responses elicited by the same signaling molecule via mediators, allowing molecular cross-talk.
Typically, signal transduction involves three...
Cell Signaling Feedback Loops01:07

Cell Signaling Feedback Loops

Positive and negative feedback loops are crucial for regulating biological signaling systems. These feedback loops are processes that connect output signals to their inputs.
Negative feedback loops
Most signaling systems have negative feedback loops that can perform different functions such as output limiter, and adaptation.
Output limiter
Upon receiving an input signal, the cellular response rapidly increases until a threshold is reached. Beyond this threshold, a negative feedback loop...
Energy to Drive Translocation01:37

Energy to Drive Translocation

Mitochondrial protein import is powered by two distinct energy sources: ATP hydrolysis and electrochemical potential across the inner membrane. Newly synthesized precursors are bound by cytosolic chaperones of the Hsp70 family, which guide them to the import receptors on the mitochondrial surface. Utilizing the energy of ATP hydrolysis, Hsp70 chaperones transfer these precursors to the TOM receptors on the mitochondrial outer membrane.
Generally, polypeptides are unfolded by two distinct...
Tension Response at Adherens Junctions01:26

Tension Response at Adherens Junctions

The adherens junctions that anchor cells together are multi-protein complexes that dynamically adapt to mechanical stimuli such as tensile forces and shear stress. Mechanosensory proteins in these junctions can sense such mechanical stimuli and undergo a shift in their conformation, resulting in an altered function — a process called mechanotransduction.
α-Catenin as a Mechanosensory Protein
The α-catenin of adherens junctions is an allosteric protein with three VH (vinculin homology) domains...
Transducer Mechanism: G Protein–Coupled Receptors01:30

Transducer Mechanism: G Protein–Coupled Receptors

G Protein–Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) are membrane-bound receptors that transiently associate with heterotrimeric G proteins and induce an appropriate response to various stimuli. GPCRs regulate critical physiological pathways and are excellent drug targets for treating diseases such as diabetes, cancer, obesity, depression, or Alzheimer's. Nearly 35% of approved drugs implement their therapeutic effects by selectively interacting with specific GPCRs.
GPCRs are also called heptahelical, 7TM, or...
Intracellular Signaling Cascades01:24

Intracellular Signaling Cascades

Once a ligand binds to a receptor, the signal is transmitted through the membrane and into the cytoplasm. The continuation of a signal in this manner is called signal transduction. Signal transduction only occurs with cell-surface receptors, which cannot interact with most components of the cell, such as DNA. Only internal receptors can interact directly with DNA in the nucleus to initiate protein synthesis. When a ligand binds to its receptor, conformational changes occur that affect the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Mechanobiological research fueling the advancement of mechanotherapy and mechanohealth.

Mechanobiology in medicine·2026
Same author

Cell confinement initiates a delayed but heritable loss of chromosomes.

Cell reports·2026
Same author

Cell confinement initiates a delayed but heritable loss of chromosomes.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Lipid droplets are rigid and physically suppress phagocytosis, unless cell compression or stretching activates actomyosin.

Molecular biology of the cell·2026
Same author

Clustered macrophages cooperate to eliminate tumors via coordinated intrudopodia.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2025
Same author

Matrix stiffness induces heritable changes in chromosome numbers, consistent with solid tumor heterogeneity.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same journal

Analysis of End-Tidal CO2 Variability During Plateau Waves Episodes: An Information Theoretic Approach<sup></sup>.

Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference·2025
Same journal

AI and Tomosynthesis for Breast Cancer Molecular Subtyping: A step toward precision medicine<sup></sup>.

Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference·2025
Same journal

Towards Sustainable Protein Recovery from Biological Waste: Assessing Polyethersulfone-based Microfiltration.

Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference·2025
Same journal

Analysis of the cardiovascular response to standardized polymicrobial peritonitis experimental model.

Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference·2025
Same journal

Automated Wrist Ultrasound Image Bone Enhancement and Segmentation Using Deep Learning.

Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference·2025
Same journal

A Deep Learning approach for Depressive Symptoms assessment in Parkinson's disease patients using facial videos.

Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference·2025
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Live Cell Response to Mechanical Stimulation Studied by Integrated Optical and Atomic Force Microscopy
09:20

Live Cell Response to Mechanical Stimulation Studied by Integrated Optical and Atomic Force Microscopy

Published on: October 4, 2010

The Foldome in cellular force transduction.

Dennis E Discher1

  • 1University of Pennsylvania, USA. discher@seas.upenn.edu

Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference
|December 8, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a new method to map cellular deformation by labeling specific proteins. This technique reveals how cytoskeletal proteins unfold under stress, offering insights into cell mechanics and signaling pathways.

More Related Videos

Measurement of Force-Sensitive Protein Dynamics in Living Cells Using a Combination of Fluorescent Techniques
08:28

Measurement of Force-Sensitive Protein Dynamics in Living Cells Using a Combination of Fluorescent Techniques

Published on: November 2, 2018

Fluorescence Biomembrane Force Probe: Concurrent Quantitation of Receptor-ligand Kinetics and Binding-induced Intracellular Signaling on a Single Cell
14:09

Fluorescence Biomembrane Force Probe: Concurrent Quantitation of Receptor-ligand Kinetics and Binding-induced Intracellular Signaling on a Single Cell

Published on: August 4, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Live Cell Response to Mechanical Stimulation Studied by Integrated Optical and Atomic Force Microscopy
09:20

Live Cell Response to Mechanical Stimulation Studied by Integrated Optical and Atomic Force Microscopy

Published on: October 4, 2010

Measurement of Force-Sensitive Protein Dynamics in Living Cells Using a Combination of Fluorescent Techniques
08:28

Measurement of Force-Sensitive Protein Dynamics in Living Cells Using a Combination of Fluorescent Techniques

Published on: November 2, 2018

Fluorescence Biomembrane Force Probe: Concurrent Quantitation of Receptor-ligand Kinetics and Binding-induced Intracellular Signaling on a Single Cell
14:09

Fluorescence Biomembrane Force Probe: Concurrent Quantitation of Receptor-ligand Kinetics and Binding-induced Intracellular Signaling on a Single Cell

Published on: August 4, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cell Biology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • The complete human genome sequence has not fully elucidated cellular physiological processes like force transduction.
  • Understanding protein structure changes (the Foldome) from sequence is challenging.
  • Existing methods are limited in identifying conformational changes in cytoskeletal proteins under cellular stress.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify cytoskeletal proteins that change conformation or assembly in stressed versus static cells.
  • To develop a method for mapping molecular-scale deformation within live cells.
  • To explore the relationship between protein unfolding and signaling events.

Main Methods:

  • In situ labeling of sterically-shielded ('cryptic') cysteines with fluorophores.
  • Quantitative mass spectrometry and sequential two-dye labeling.
  • Fluorescence imaging of labeled proteins in red blood cells and mesenchymal stem cells.

Main Results:

  • Shielded cysteines in spectrin isoforms showed increased labeling with shear stress in red blood cells, indicating domain unfolding.
  • Differential labeling was observed in non-muscle myosin IIA and vimentin in tensed versus relaxed mesenchymal stem cells.
  • The method successfully mapped sites of molecular-scale deformation in cytoskeletal proteins.

Conclusions:

  • Cysteine labeling in live cells is a viable method to map protein unfolding and cellular deformation.
  • The findings provide a new approach to study cell mechanics and the Foldome.
  • This technique can potentially co-localize molecular unfolding with signaling events like phosphorylation.