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Updated: Jun 17, 2026
Protocol for Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation with Symptom Provocation to Treat Obsessive-compulsive Disorder
Published on: November 25, 2025
Treatment of resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder with ventral capsular/ventral striatal gamma capsulotomy: a
Antonio Carlos Lopes1, Benjamin D Greenberg, Georg Norén
1Obsessive Compulsive Spectrum Disorders Program (PROTOC), Department of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, R. Dr. Ovídio Pires de Campos, 785, 3 degrees andar, sala 9, São Paulo, SP 01060-970, Brazil. antonioclopesmd@gmail.com
Abstract:
A subgroup of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) patients remains refractory to conventional treatments. For them, a new stereotactic radiosurgery has been recently developed: the ventral capsular/ventral striatal (VC/VS) gamma capsulotomy. The authors aim to report efficacy and adverse events of VC/VS gamma capsulotomy. Five refractory OCD patients were selected. The authors assessed OCD, anxiety and depressive symptoms, and side effects pre- and postoperatively. Three patients (60%) met response criteria 48 months after surgery. Adverse effects were episodic and transient. Ventral capsular/ventral striatal gamma capsulotomy holds therapeutic promise, with few adverse effects.
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