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Updated: Jun 17, 2026

A Protocol for Safe Lithiation Reactions Using Organolithium Reagents
Published on: November 12, 2016
New insights into the formation and reactivity of molecular organostannonic acids
S Usman Ahmad1, Jens Beckmann, Andrew Duthie
1Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstrasse 34-36, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
Abstract:
The controlled base hydrolysis of 2,6-Mes(2)C(6)H(3)SnCl(3) (1; Mes=mesityl) provided 2,6-Mes(2)C(6)H(3)Sn(OH)Cl(2).H(2)O (2) and the trinuclear organostannonic acid trans-[2,6-Mes(2)C(6)H(3)Sn(O)OH](3) (3), respectively. In moist C(6)D(6), 3 reversibly reacts with water to give the monomeric organostannonic acid 2,6-Mes(2)C(6)H(3)Sn(OH)(3) (3 a). The reaction of 3 with (tBu(2)SnO)(3), Ph(2)PO(2)H, and NaH, gives rise to the multinuclear hypercoordinated organostannoxane clusters [tBu(2)Sn(OH)OSnR(OH)(2)OC(OSntBu(2)OH)(2)(O)SnR(OH)(H(2)O)](2) (5), [RSn(OH)(2)(O(2)PPh(2))](2) (6), and Na(3)(RSn)(4)O(6)(OH)(3) (7), respectively (R=2,6-Mes(2)C(6)H(3)). The characterization of the new compounds is achieved by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy and electrospray mass spectrometry in solution and (119)Sn MAS NMR spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, and X-ray crystallography in the solid-state.
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