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Related Concept Videos

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Introduction01:26

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Introduction

Inflammatory bowel disease is a group of chronic disorders marked by recurrent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract due to an abnormal immune response against gut microflora. This leads to tissue damage. The two main forms are Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.Crohn’s DiseaseCrohn’s disease is a relapsing inflammatory disorder that can affect any part of the GI tract, from the mouth to the anus. It involves all layers of the bowel wall (transmural) and shows “skip lesions” in which...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis01:27

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis

Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD, encompasses a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation or ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract.
Risk Factors
The exact cause of IBD remains unclear, although it is believed to be due to a mix of genetic, environmental, microbial, and immune factors. Genetic factors are significant in determining susceptibility to IBD, with family history being a critical risk factor. Individuals with a first-degree relative who has IBD are at...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Ulcerative Colitis01:20

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Ulcerative Colitis

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the colon characterized by continuous mucosal inflammation that typically begins in the rectum and extends proximally in a uniform pattern. Its pathogenesis involves a complex interplay of genetic predisposition, immune dysregulation, and environmental influences. These factors converge to impair the colon’s epithelial defenses and promote an exaggerated inflammatory response against luminal contents.Breakdown of the Mucosal BarrierA...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Clinical Manifestations01:20

Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Clinical Manifestations

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) encompasses two major chronic disorders—ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease—each characterized by relapsing episodes of gastrointestinal inflammation. Although they share certain clinical features, their patterns of involvement and manifestations differ in ways that aid diagnosis and guide management.Ulcerative ColitisUlcerative colitis is limited to the colon and rectum and involves continuous inflammation of the mucosal layer. The disease course is marked...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease

Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, commonly known as IBD, refers to a collection of disorders that lead to persistent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The two types of IBD are ulcerative colitis, which impacts the colon, and Crohn's disease, which can involve any part of the gastrointestinal segment.
Crohn's disease
Crohn's disease is a chronic, systemic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that predominantly affects the gastrointestinal tract. It is marked by transmural...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease01:25

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease

Crohn’s disease is a chronic, relapsing form of inflammatory bowel disease characterized by segmental, transmural inflammation that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. Its pathogenesis arises from a combination of genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, epithelial barrier dysfunction, and immune dysregulation. Together, these factors lead to an exaggerated immune response against components of the gut microbiome.Genetic and Environmental InfluencesMultiple genetic...

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Intestinal Epithelial Regeneration in Response to Ionizing Irradiation
09:10

Intestinal Epithelial Regeneration in Response to Ionizing Irradiation

Published on: July 27, 2022

Radiation colitis and proctitis.

Gregory D Kennedy1, Charles P Heise

  • 1Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, Wisconsin 53792-7375, USA.

Clinics in Colon and Rectal Surgery
|December 17, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Radiation therapy for pelvic cancers can cause lower gastrointestinal tract toxicity, primarily affecting the rectum. This review summarizes current knowledge on radiation injury and treatment options for radiation proctitis.

Keywords:
Radiationcolitisenteritisproctitisradiotherapy

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Radiation Oncology

Background:

  • Pelvic malignancy treatment frequently involves radiation therapy.
  • Radiation therapy can lead to secondary lower gastrointestinal tract toxicities.
  • These injuries commonly affect the rectum but can also involve the colon and small intestine.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize current knowledge on radiation injury to the lower gastrointestinal tract.
  • To emphasize treatment options for radiation proctitis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on radiation injury to the lower gastrointestinal tract.
  • Focus on acute and chronic presentation mechanisms and symptomatology.
  • Emphasis on therapeutic strategies for radiation proctitis.

Main Results:

  • Radiation-induced lower gastrointestinal toxicity is a significant complication.
  • Injuries can be acute or chronic, with distinct underlying mechanisms.
  • Symptomatology varies widely and can severely impact patients.

Conclusions:

  • Radiation proctitis is a common sequela of pelvic radiation therapy.
  • Understanding injury mechanisms is crucial for developing effective preventive and treatment strategies.
  • Further research into optimal management of radiation-induced gastrointestinal injury is warranted.