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Related Concept Videos

Endocarditis I: Introduction01:25

Endocarditis I: Introduction

Introduction:Endocarditis is the infection of the endocardium, the inner lining of the heart and its valves. When the heart muscle is involved, the condition is termed myocarditis, while an infection of the outer lining is called pericarditis. Infective endocarditis (IE) primarily affects the endocardium, where pathogens adhere to the valves or lining, forming vegetation that can lead to severe complications. Infective endocarditis occurs when microorganisms, usually bacteria from other body...
Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis01:25

Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis

Endocarditis can present various clinical features depending on the causative organism and the patient's underlying health conditions. Initially, the clinical features of infective endocarditis develop gradually, presenting with nonspecific symptoms that can be easily mistaken for other illnesses.General SymptomsEarly symptoms of infective endocarditis are fever, chills, weakness, malaise, fatigue, and weight loss. These symptoms reflect the systemic nature of the infection and the body's...
Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction01:22

Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction

Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...
Endocarditis IV: Nursing Management01:29

Endocarditis IV: Nursing Management

Infective endocarditis (IE) is a chronic infection of the heart's endocardium, primarily affecting the heart valves. A detailed nursing assessment for a patient with IE involves collecting subjective and objective data to ensure an accurate diagnosis and timely intervention.Subjective DataThe nurse gathers information about the patient's symptoms and complaints during the subjective assessment. Patients with infective endocarditis often report non-specific symptoms that can mimic other...
Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction01:15

Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction

IntroductionAortic regurgitation is characterized by the backward flow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole and arises from the improper closure of the aortic valve. This condition results in left ventricular volume overload and can stem from both acute and chronic etiologies, each contributing uniquely to the disease's progression and symptomatology.Acute and Chronic CausesAcute aortic regurgitation often results from events that suddenly impair the integrity of the...
Endocarditis III: Medical Management01:18

Endocarditis III: Medical Management

Infective endocarditis management involves a multifaceted approach encompassing infection prevention, lifestyle modifications, pharmacological therapy, and surgical management.Infection Prevention:Hand Hygiene: Thorough handwashing is crucial to prevent the spread of infection. Hand hygiene should be performed regularly, especially before and after using the restroom.Oral Hygiene: Good oral hygiene is essential. It includes brushing teeth immediately after waking up and before bed, flossing...

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An In Vitro Model of a Parallel-Plate Perfusion System to Study Bacterial Adherence to Graft Tissues
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Valvular perforation in left-sided native valve infective endocarditis.

Khaled Bachour1, Hammam Zmily, Mohammad Kizilbash

  • 1Division of Cardiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA.

Clinical Cardiology
|December 17, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Valve perforation in left-sided native valve infective endocarditis (LNVIE) is linked to worse outcomes, including higher mortality. Early surgery may improve survival in these complex cases.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Cardiac Surgery

Background:

  • Left-sided native valve infective endocarditis (LNVIE) can lead to mitral and aortic valve perforation.
  • The prognostic significance of valve perforation in LNVIE is not well-established.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the characteristics and outcome predictors of LNVIE complicated by valve perforation.
  • To compare outcomes between patients with and without valve perforation.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of 123 patients with LNVIE from 1998-2005.
  • Patients stratified into Group A (perforation) and Group B (no perforation) based on transesophageal echocardiography or surgery.
  • Analysis of clinical characteristics, comorbidities, and mortality.

Main Results:

  • Valve perforation (Group A) was associated with severe valvular insufficiency, higher rates of hemodialysis, and increased indications for valvular surgery.
  • Group A had a significantly higher in-hospital death rate (31.9% vs. 15.8%).
  • Among patients indicated for surgery, those undergoing surgery in Group A had improved survival compared to conservative management (16.7% vs. 71.4% mortality).

Conclusions:

  • Valve perforation in LNVIE is associated with hemodialysis, severe valvular insufficiency, and increased morbidity and mortality.
  • Early surgical intervention for valve perforation in LNVIE appears to be associated with improved survival compared to conservative management.