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Related Concept Videos

Noncovalent Attractions in Biomolecules02:35

Noncovalent Attractions in Biomolecules

Noncovalent attractions are associations within and between molecules that influence the shape and structural stability of complexes. These interactions differ from covalent bonding in that they do not involve sharing of electrons.
Four types of noncovalent interactions are hydrogen bonds, van der Waals forces, ionic bonds, and hydrophobic interactions.
Hydrogen bonding results from the electrostatic attraction of a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to a strong-electronegative atom like oxygen,...
Chemistry of Carbohydrates03:25

Chemistry of Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates are an essential part of the diet in humans and animals. Grains, fruits, and vegetables are natural sources of carbohydrates that provide energy to the body, particularly through glucose, a simple sugar that is a component of starch and an ingredient in many staple foods. The stoichiometric formula (CH2O)n, where n is the number of carbons in the molecule represents carbohydrates. In other words, the ratio of carbon to hydrogen to oxygen is 1:2:1 in carbohydrate molecules. This...
Peptide Bonds02:43

Peptide Bonds

A peptide bond covalently attaches amino acids through a dehydration reaction. One amino acid's carboxyl group and another amino acid's amino group combine, releasing a water molecule. The resulting bond is the peptide bond. The products that such linkages form are peptides. As more amino acids join this growing chain, the resulting chain is a polypeptide. Each polypeptide has a free amino group at one end. This end has the N-terminal, or the amino-terminal, and the other end has a free...
Mechanisms of Membrane Domain Formation00:59

Mechanisms of Membrane Domain Formation

Different physical properties of lipids and proteins allow them to localize and form distinct islands or domains in the membrane. Some membrane domains are formed due to protein-protein interactions, whereas others are formed due to the presence of specific lipids such as sphingolipids and sterols—for example, large proteins, such as bacteriorhodopsin, aggregate and create distinct domains.
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Cell-matrix's Response to Mechanical Forces01:13

Cell-matrix's Response to Mechanical Forces

In animal cells, the extracellular matrix allows cells within tissues to withstand external stresses and transmits signals from the outside of the cell to the inside. The extracellular matrix is extensive, and its composition varies between different types of tissues. For example, the reticular fibers and ground substance make up the ECM in loose connective tissue, while collagen and bone minerals make up the ECM of bone tissue. 
Anchoring junctions mechanically attach a cell to the...
Chemical Bonds02:40

Chemical Bonds


Atoms participate in a chemical bond formation to acquire a completed valence-shell electron configuration similar to that of the noble gas nearest to it in atomic number. Ionic, covalent, and metallic bonds are some of the important types of chemical bonds. Bond energy and bond length determine the strength of a chemical bond.
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An ionic bond is formed due to electrostatic attraction between cations and anions. Often, the ions are formed by the transfer of electrons from...

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Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Solvent Bonding for Fabrication of PMMA and COP Microfluidic Devices
04:54

Solvent Bonding for Fabrication of PMMA and COP Microfluidic Devices

Published on: January 17, 2017

Mechanically bonded macromolecules.

Lei Fang1, Mark A Olson, Diego Benítez

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA.

Chemical Society Reviews
|December 22, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review explores mechanically bonded macromolecules, including polycatenanes and polyrotaxanes. These polymers offer unique properties for advanced applications in materials science and nanotechnology.

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Last Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Solvent Bonding for Fabrication of PMMA and COP Microfluidic Devices
04:54

Solvent Bonding for Fabrication of PMMA and COP Microfluidic Devices

Published on: January 17, 2017

Interlinked Macroporous 3D Scaffolds from Microgel Rods
07:32

Interlinked Macroporous 3D Scaffolds from Microgel Rods

Published on: June 16, 2022

Covalent Attachment of Single Molecules for AFM-based Force Spectroscopy
10:37

Covalent Attachment of Single Molecules for AFM-based Force Spectroscopy

Published on: March 16, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Polymer Science
  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Mechanically bonded macromolecules are complex synthetic targets.
  • These polymers possess controllable intramolecular motions and desirable material properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the synthesis and properties of diverse mechanically bonded macromolecules.
  • To highlight their potential applications in materials science, nanotechnology, and medicine.

Main Methods:

  • Template-directed assembly
  • Step-growth polymerization
  • Quantitative conjugation

Main Results:

  • A library of mechanically bonded macromolecules including polycatenanes, polyrotaxanes, poly[c2]daisy chains, and mechanically interlocked dendrimers was synthesized.
  • Side-chain polycatenanes and poly[c2]daisy chains exhibit controllable molecular switching.

Conclusions:

  • Mechanically bonded macromolecules offer significant potential for advanced applications.
  • Challenges remain in synthesizing high molecular weight polycatenanes and polyrotaxanes.