Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Closure of a Patent Foramen Ovale (PFO): An Intervention Sequence
Published on: December 23, 2022
Sripal Bangalore1, Nipun Arora, Frederic S Resnic
1Division of Cardiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Vascular closure device (VCD) failure is rare, occurring in 2.7% of cases. However, VCD failure significantly increases the risk of vascular complications, necessitating close patient monitoring.
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