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Related Concept Videos

The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...
Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction01:25

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...
Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:23

Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hypothyroidism is a disorder characterized by insufficient production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, energy balance, and multiple organ systems.TypesHypothyroidism is classified based on the level of dysfunction. Primary hypothyroidism results from intrinsic thyroid gland dysfunction, causing reduced hormone production despite normal or increased stimulation. Secondary hypothyroidism arises from inadequate thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion by the pituitary. Tertiary...
Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

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Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor, and heat...
Ovaries01:26

Ovaries

The ovaries are roughly the size of almonds and measure approximately 2 to 3 centimeters in length. These paired structures are situated within the pelvic region and are anchored by the mesovarium—a peritoneal extension that also connects them to the wider structure of the broad ligament. The support system extends to the suspensory ligament, housing blood and lymphatic vessels. In addition, the ovarian ligament tethers the ovaries to the uterus.
On the ovarian surface, a layer of cuboidal...

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An Orthotopic Mouse Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma
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Published on: April 17, 2013

Thyroid-type solid cell nests in struma ovarii.

José Cameselle-Teijeiro1, Nuria Caramés, Alfredo Romero-Rojas

  • 1Hospital Clínico Universitario, Galician Health Service, University of Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain. josemanuel.cameselle@usc.es

International Journal of Surgical Pathology
|December 26, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Solid cell nests (SCNs) are thyroid cell clusters found normally in the thyroid and sometimes in the heart. This study identifies thyroid-type SCNs in struma ovarii, supporting a shared origin with thyroid tissue.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Pathology
  • Histology

Background:

  • Solid cell nests (SCNs) are normal thyroid structures composed of squamoid cells and C-cells.
  • SCNs have been documented as ultimobranchial heterotopias in the heart.
  • Their presence in ovarian teratomas (struma ovarii) is less understood.

Observation:

  • A case of thyroid-type SCNs was identified in association with struma ovarii.
  • Immunohistochemical analysis revealed specific markers in the main cells and neuroendocrine cells.
  • Main cells expressed cytokeratins, CEA, CA19.9, p63, bcl-2, and galectin-3.

Findings:

  • Neuroendocrine cells within the SCNs were positive for chromogranin A and synaptophysin, but negative for calcitonin.
  • This dual positivity suggests a common progenitor cell with differentiation potential towards thyroid follicular cells and hindgut-type endocrine cells.
  • The findings support a close histogenetic relationship between SCN main cells and thyroid tissue.

Implications:

  • The presence of SCNs in struma ovarii can be explained by the teratomatous nature of the ovarian tumor.
  • These findings reinforce the concept of a shared developmental origin for SCNs and thyroid tissue.
  • This study contributes to understanding the histogenesis and potential dual differentiation capacity of SCNs.