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Predator detection enables juvenile Lymnaea to form long-term memory.

M V Orr¹, K Hittel, K Lukowiak

¹Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, T2N 4N1.

The Journal of Experimental Biology

|December 30, 2009

Summary

Juvenile snails exposed to predators show enhanced long-term memory (LTM) formation. Predator detection induces behavioral changes, improving LTM capacity in these snails, suggesting an inducible defense mechanism.

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Area of Science:

Behavioral Ecology
Neuroscience
Animal Behavior

Background:

Learning and memory are crucial for adaptation to environmental changes.
Juvenile Lymnaea exhibit limited long-term memory (LTM) formation via operant conditioning but can form LTM through classical conditioning.
Previous research indicated reduced LTM capacity in juvenile Lymnaea under specific conditioning methods.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate if predator detection influences LTM formation in juvenile Lymnaea.
To determine if exposure to a predator enhances the capacity for LTM following operant conditioning.
To explore the role of stress from predator cues in altering learning and memory.

Main Methods:

Laboratory-reared juvenile Lymnaea were exposed to a sympatric predator (crayfish).
Aerial respiratory behavior was monitored and operant conditioning was applied to this behavior.
The capacity for long-term memory formation was assessed before and after predator exposure.

Main Results:

Juvenile Lymnaea detected the predator and altered their aerial respiratory behavior, increasing breathing time.
Predator detection significantly enhanced the capability of juvenile Lymnaea to form LTM via operant conditioning.
Snails exposed to predators demonstrated a marked improvement in forming long-lasting memories.

Conclusions:

Biologically relevant stress from predator detection induces phenotypic alterations, specifically enhanced LTM formation, in juvenile Lymnaea.
Enhanced LTM formation in response to predators may increase juvenile fitness by improving adaptive responses.
Predator detection and learning/memory formation act as an inducible defense mechanism in these aquatic snails.