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Recording and Analyzing Multimodal Large-Scale Neuronal Ensemble Dynamics on CMOS-Integrated High-Density Microelectrode Array

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Micropower CMOS Integrated Low-Noise Amplification, Filtering, and Digitization of Multimodal Neuropotentials.

M Mollazadeh, K Murari, G Cauwenberghs

IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems

|January 5, 2010

Summary

This study introduces a 16-channel neural interface circuit for brain signal recording, capturing everything from single neural spikes to brain waves like EEG. The versatile system demonstrates effective neural data acquisition in both animal models and human subjects.

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Published on: February 14, 2014

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Electrical Engineering
Biomedical Engineering

Background:

Brain activity occurs across diverse spatial and temporal scales.
Simultaneous multi-modal neurophysiological signal recording is crucial for understanding brain dynamics.
Existing technologies face challenges in capturing the full spectrum of neural signals.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a versatile 16-channel neural interface integrated circuit.
To enable selective digital acquisition of a wide range of neural signals, including action potentials, local field potentials (LFP), electrocorticograms (ECoG), and electroencephalograms (EEG).
To achieve high performance in terms of noise efficiency, bandwidth tuning, and dynamic range.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of a 16-channel neural interface IC using a 0.5 µm 3M2P CMOS process.
Implementation of tunable bandwidth, fixed-gain front-end amplifiers.
Utilizing programmable gain/resolution continuous-time incremental Delta-Sigma analog-to-digital converters (ADCs).
Employing a two-stage amplifier topology with capacitive feedback for independent bandpass tuning.

Main Results:

Achieved a noise efficiency factor (NEF) of 2.9 for spike recording (8.2 kHz bandwidth) and 3.2 for EEG recording (140 Hz bandwidth).
Measured amplifier midband gain of 39.6 dB, frequency response from 0.2 Hz to 8.2 kHz, and input-referred noise of 1.94 µV rms.
ADC achieved 56 dB SNDR at 10-bit resolution with 76 µW power consumption.
Demonstrated programmable digital gain (1-4096) for auto-ranging.
Successfully recorded spike signals in rat somatosensory cortex and alpha EEG activity in a human subject.

Conclusions:

The developed 16-channel neural interface IC effectively acquires diverse neural signals.
The circuit offers tunable bandwidth and high dynamic range, suitable for multi-modal brain recordings.
The system's performance is validated through experimental recordings in both animal models and human subjects.