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Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Methods to Evaluate Cytotoxicity and Immunosuppression of Combustible Tobacco Product Preparations
Published on: January 10, 2015
There is no healthy level of smoking
Nevenka Cop-Blazić1, Iris Zavoreo
1University Department of Neurology, Reference Center for Neurovascular Disorders, Ministry of Health and Social Welfare of Republic of Croatia, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia. nevenka.blazic_cop@yahoo.com
Abstract:
Cigarette smoking is the leading preventable cause of death in the world. Nicotine is a highly addictive substance. Nicotine dependence is a major barrier to successful smoking cessation. Smoking is a risk factor for 30 diseases with a high rate of morbidity and mortality. There is no safe level of smoking. Help and support to smoking cessation should be an integral part of treatment, particularly for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Prevention of smoking and effective treatment for nicotine dependence can significantly decrease the risk of vascular and malignant diseases.
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