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Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Efficient Construction of Drug-like Bispirocyclic Scaffolds Via Organocatalytic Cycloadditions of α-Imino γ-Lactones and Alkylidene Pyrazolones
Published on: February 7, 2019
Synthesis, structures, and optical properties of heteroarene-fused dispiro compounds
Toshiyuki Kowada1, Toshihisa Kuwabara, Kouichi Ohe
1Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.
Abstract:
Novel heteroarene-fused dispiro compounds, dispiro[9H-fluorene-9,5'(6'H)-diindeno[1,2-b:2',1'-d]furan-6',9''-[9H]fluorene] (dsp-DIF), dispiro[9H-fluorene-9,5'(6'H)-diindeno[1,2-b:2',1'-d]thiophene-6',9''-[9H]fluorene] (dsp-DIT), and 11-phenyldispiro[9H-fluorene-9,5'(6'H)-diindeno[1,2-b:2',1'-d]pyrrole-6',9''-[9H]fluorene] (dsp-DIP-Ph) have been synthesized. Their structures were unambiguously determined by X-ray crystallography. These three dispiro compounds showed blue fluorescence with moderate quantum yields.
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Structure of Conjugated Dienes
Conjugated dienes are compounds characterized by the presence of alternating double and single bonds. In a conjugated system like 1,3-butadiene, the unhybridized 2p orbital on each carbon overlaps continuously, allowing the π electrons to be delocalized across the entire molecule. In contrast, this type of overlap does not occur in cumulated and isolated dienes, such as 2,3-pentadiene and 1,4-pentadiene, respectively. Instead, the π electrons remain localized between the double...
[4+2] Cycloaddition of Conjugated Dienes: Diels–Alder Reaction