Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists

Neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptors are distributed across the GI tract, vagal afferents, and key CNS regions including the central vomiting center and chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) Chemotherapy agents stimulate enterochromaffin cells in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract to release large amounts of substance P (SP). SP is a neuropeptide released by specific sensory nerves in response to many different stressors, including those in the GI mucosa affected by chemotherapy. SP binds and activates these...

Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors

Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors

Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) is a serine protease widely distributed in the body. It's involved in the inactivation of GLP-1 and GIP hormones, which are crucial for insulin regulation. DPP-4 inhibitors, such as sitagliptin (Januvia), saxagliptin (Onglyza), linagliptin (Tradjenta), alogliptin (Nesina), and vildagliptin (Galvus), help increase the proportion of active GLP-1, enhancing insulin secretion. These inhibitors work by competitively binding to DPP-4. This binding causes a significant...

Directly Acting Muscle Relaxants: Dantrolene and Botulinum Toxin

Directly Acting Muscle Relaxants: Dantrolene and Botulinum Toxin

Directly acting muscle relaxants like dantrolene and botulinum toxin (BoNT) have distinct mechanisms and applications. Dantrolene, a hydantoin derivative, acts on the ryanodine receptor (RYR1) in skeletal muscle cells. RYR1 are calcium channels present at the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane. In response to excitation, they release calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum to the cytosol. Calcium promotes actin-myosin-mediated contraction of muscles.
The binding of dantrolene to the RYR1...

Nondepolarizing (Competitive) Neuromuscular Blockers: Pharmacological Actions

Nondepolarizing (Competitive) Neuromuscular Blockers: Pharmacological Actions

Nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockers prevent the membrane depolarization of muscle cells and inhibit muscle contraction. These are usually administered with anesthetics to achieve complete muscle relaxation. Upon administration, these drugs first block the small, rapidly contracting muscles of the face and hands, followed by the larger muscles of the trunk and the intercostal muscles. The diaphragm is the last muscle to be affected.
Although all competitive neuromuscular blockers are designed...

Nondepolarizing (Competitive) Neuromuscular Blockers: Pharmacokinetics

Nondepolarizing (Competitive) Neuromuscular Blockers: Pharmacokinetics

All neuromuscular blocking agents are injected intravenously because they are poorly absorbed from the GI tract. Rapid onset is achieved with intravenous administration, although absorption is also adequate from an intramuscular injection. Since these agents are highly ionized, they do not readily penetrate cell membranes or cross the blood-brain barrier.
Instead, they are transported by the blood to different tissues. Muscles with a greater blood supply (arteries) and blood flow receive more...

Nondepolarizing (Competitive) Neuromuscular Blockers: Mechanism of Action

Nondepolarizing (Competitive) Neuromuscular Blockers: Mechanism of Action

Nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockers induce paralysis by competitively blocking nicotinic acetylcholine receptors at the muscle end plate. Examples include pancuronium, mivacurium, vecuronium, and rocuronium. These quaternary ammonium derivatives are administered intravenously, are poorly absorbed, and are excreted via the kidneys.
Competitive antagonists prevent acetylcholine from binding to its receptor, inhibiting membrane depolarization. Without conformational changes or intrinsic...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

The effect of stromal components on the modulation of the phenotype of human bronchial epithelial cells in 3D culture.

Biomaterials·2011

Same author

Antibody treatment of human tumor xenografts elicits active anti-tumor immunity in nude mice.

Immunology letters·2007

Same author

Autoregulation of bone sialoprotein gene in pre-osteoblastic and non-osteoblastic cells.

Biochemical and biophysical research communications·2004

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Drug Treatment and In Vivo Imaging of Osteoblast-Osteoclast Interactions in a Medaka Fish Osteoporosis Model

Drug Treatment and In Vivo Imaging of Osteoblast-Osteoclast Interactions in a Medaka Fish Osteoporosis Model

Published on: January 1, 2017

Denosumab.

Steven C Pageau¹

¹Department of Anatomy and Cellular Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA. steven.pageau@tufts.edu

|January 13, 2010

Summary

Denosumab, a novel antibody treatment, shows promise for preventing bone loss in osteoporosis and cancer patients. Clinical trials indicate it is as safe and effective as current bisphosphonate therapies.

Area of Science:

Oncology
Rheumatology
Endocrinology

Background:

Bone loss is a significant issue in postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and metastatic cancers.
Current treatments like bisphosphonates have limitations.
Denosumab targets the RANK ligand pathway, crucial for bone resorption.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate denosumab as a potential treatment for conditions causing bone destruction.
To compare the safety and efficacy of denosumab against bisphosphonates.

Main Methods:

Late-phase clinical trials were conducted.
Safety profiles and efficacy in preventing bone loss were assessed.

Main Results:

Denosumab demonstrated a comparable safety profile to bisphosphonates.

More Related Videos

Quantitative [18F]-Naf-PET-MRI Analysis for the Evaluation of Dynamic Bone Turnover in a Patient with Facetogenic Low Back Pain

Quantitative [¹⁸F]-Naf-PET-MRI Analysis for the Evaluation of Dynamic Bone Turnover in a Patient with Facetogenic Low Back Pain

Published on: August 8, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Drug Treatment and In Vivo Imaging of Osteoblast-Osteoclast Interactions in a Medaka Fish Osteoporosis Model

Drug Treatment and In Vivo Imaging of Osteoblast-Osteoclast Interactions in a Medaka Fish Osteoporosis Model

Published on: January 1, 2017

Quantitative [18F]-Naf-PET-MRI Analysis for the Evaluation of Dynamic Bone Turnover in a Patient with Facetogenic Low Back Pain

Quantitative [¹⁸F]-Naf-PET-MRI Analysis for the Evaluation of Dynamic Bone Turnover in a Patient with Facetogenic Low Back Pain

Published on: August 8, 2019

The antibody proved equally or more effective than bisphosphonates in preventing bone loss across studied conditions.

Conclusions:

Denosumab represents a promising therapeutic option for managing bone loss.
Its efficacy and safety profile support its use in PMO, RA, and cancer-related bone destruction.