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Related Concept Videos

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview01:09

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview

When electromagnetic radiation passes through a material, atoms or molecules transition from a lower to a higher energy state by absorbing radiation corresponding to the energy difference between the two states. The absorption of infrared (IR) radiation causes transitions between vibrational energy levels in a molecule. Therefore, IR spectroscopy is a useful analytical tool for determining the molecular structure of molecules.
Different compounds display unique properties due to their...
IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview01:24

IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview

When Infrared (IR) radiation passes through a covalently bonded molecule, the bonds transition from lower to higher vibrational levels. The fundamental vibrational motions that result in infrared absorption can be classified as stretching or bending vibrations.
Stretching vibrations are vibrational motions that occur along the bond line, changing the bond length or distance between two bonded atoms. They are further distinguished as symmetric or asymmetric. In symmetric stretching, the...
IR Spectrum Peak Intensity: Amount of IR-Active Bonds00:55

IR Spectrum Peak Intensity: Amount of IR-Active Bonds

When infrared radiation is passed through a molecule, absorption occurs if the molecule's vibration leads to a substantial change in its bond dipole moment. Transitions between vibrational energy levels, typically corresponding to infrared frequencies (4000–400 cm−1), allow absorption if the vibration significantly alters the dipole moment, making the molecule infrared active. The molecular bonds have different stretching and bending vibrations, resulting in various peaks with varying...
IR Spectrometers01:25

IR Spectrometers

There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...
IR Spectroscopy: Hooke's Law Approximation of Molecular Vibration01:16

IR Spectroscopy: Hooke's Law Approximation of Molecular Vibration

A covalently bonded heteronuclear diatomic molecule can be modeled as two vibrating masses connected by a spring. The vibrational frequency of the bond can be expressed using an equation derived from Hooke's law, which describes how the force applied to stretch or compress a spring is proportional to the displacement of the spring. In this case, the atoms behave like masses, and the bond acts like a spring.
According to Hooke's law, the vibrational frequency is directly proportional to the...
Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview01:26

Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview

A conventional Raman spectrophotometer includes a laser source, a sample holding system, a wavelength selector, and a detector.
The monochromatic laser source, typically using visible or near-infrared radiation, generates a highly focused beam of light. This light interacts with the molecules of the sample, scattering some of the light. Liquid and gaseous samples are usually tested in ordinary glass capillaries, while solids can be analyzed as powders packed in capillaries or as potassium...

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Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Infrared Degenerate Four-wave Mixing with Upconversion Detection for Quantitative Gas Sensing
10:42

Infrared Degenerate Four-wave Mixing with Upconversion Detection for Quantitative Gas Sensing

Published on: March 22, 2019

Vibrational Intensities. XXIV: Data Processing System for Infrared Gas-Phase Intensity Measurements.

R O Kagel, D L Powell, J Overend

    Applied Optics
    |January 14, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study introduces a digital data system for gas-phase spectroscopy, significantly reducing measurement time for absorption bands. The system automates data recording and processing using a digital computer and shaft encoder for enhanced efficiency.

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    Proton Transfer and Protein Conformation Dynamics in Photosensitive Proteins by Time-resolved Step-scan Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopy
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    Proton Transfer and Protein Conformation Dynamics in Photosensitive Proteins by Time-resolved Step-scan Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopy

    Published on: June 27, 2014

    Ultrafast Time-resolved Near-IR Stimulated Raman Measurements of Functional π-conjugate Systems
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    Ultrafast Time-resolved Near-IR Stimulated Raman Measurements of Functional π-conjugate Systems

    Published on: February 10, 2020

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    Last Updated: Jun 17, 2026

    Infrared Degenerate Four-wave Mixing with Upconversion Detection for Quantitative Gas Sensing
    10:42

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    Published on: March 22, 2019

    Proton Transfer and Protein Conformation Dynamics in Photosensitive Proteins by Time-resolved Step-scan Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopy
    10:03

    Proton Transfer and Protein Conformation Dynamics in Photosensitive Proteins by Time-resolved Step-scan Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopy

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    Ultrafast Time-resolved Near-IR Stimulated Raman Measurements of Functional π-conjugate Systems
    09:57

    Ultrafast Time-resolved Near-IR Stimulated Raman Measurements of Functional π-conjugate Systems

    Published on: February 10, 2020

    Area of Science:

    • Spectroscopy
    • Computational Chemistry
    • Data Science

    Background:

    • Traditional spectroscopic data acquisition is time-consuming.
    • Manual data processing introduces potential errors and delays.
    • Efficient handling of spectral data is crucial for accurate analysis.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and present a novel data recording and processing system for gas-phase spectroscopy.
    • To demonstrate the system's capability in reducing measurement time for spectral bands.
    • To illustrate the application of the system in determining absorption band intensities.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilizing a digital computer for comprehensive data handling.
    • Employing a shaft encoder and Schmidt-Trigger unit for continuous digital conversion of recorder pen position.
    • Implementing a series of programs to generate partial differential equations for data analysis.

    Main Results:

    • Substantial reduction in the time required for single absorption band measurement.
    • Accurate digital recording of gas-phase intensity data.
    • Successful determination of absorption band intensities for trans HFCCFH.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed system offers a significant advancement in spectroscopic data processing efficiency.
    • Automated data handling minimizes errors and accelerates analytical workflows.
    • This approach is valuable for precise determination of molecular properties like absorption band intensities.