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Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Single-Molecule Real-Time Visualization of DNA Unwinding by CMG Helicase
Published on: September 27, 2024
Analysis of supercoiled DNA by agarose gel electrophoresis using low-conducting sodium threonine medium
Tomomi Ishido1, Mitsuru Ishikawa, Ken Hirano
1Health Technology Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0395, Japan.
Abstract:
We describe a new low-ionic-strength sodium threonine (STh) medium with the advantage of avoiding relative DNA band migration changes following electrophoresis of supercoiled DNA in agarose gel when substituted for the standard conductive medium of TBE (Tris-boric acid-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid [EDTA]) or TAE (Tris-acetic acid-EDTA) or the low-ionic-strength sodium boric acid medium. Low-ionic-strength STh medium provided better resolution, less heat generation, and prevention of relative migration order changes among linear, covalently closed circular-, and open circular-formed DNA in the range of 2-10 kilobase pairs in 1% agarose gel electrophoresis.
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