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IR Spectrometers

IR Spectrometers

There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview

When electromagnetic radiation passes through a material, atoms or molecules transition from a lower to a higher energy state by absorbing radiation corresponding to the energy difference between the two states. The absorption of infrared (IR) radiation causes transitions between vibrational energy levels in a molecule. Therefore, IR spectroscopy is a useful analytical tool for determining the molecular structure of molecules.
Different compounds display unique properties due to their...

Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Infrared Spectroscopy: Overview

Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Infrared Spectroscopy: Overview

Attenuated total reflectance (ATR) infrared spectroscopy is a powerful analytical technique used to study the composition of materials. It is widely employed in chemistry, materials science, forensic science, and other fields where sample characterization is required. ATR has several advantages over traditional transmission IR spectroscopy, including the requirement of little to no sample preparation and the ability to analyze a wide range of samples.
The ATR process begins by directing a beam...

IR Spectrum

IR Spectrum

When infrared (IR) radiation passes through a molecule, the bonds stretch or bend by absorbing the radiation. This absorption creates the molecule's absorption spectrum, which is the plot of its percentage transmittance versus wavenumber.
Transmittance is defined as the ratio of the radiant power passing through a sample to that from the radiation's source. Multiplying the transmittance by 100 gives the percent transmittance (%T), which varies between 100% (no absorption) and 0% (complete...

IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region

IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region

IR spectra are divided into two main regions: the diagnostic region and the fingerprint region. The diagnostic region of the spectrum lies above 1500 cm−1. The absorptions resulting from single-bond vibrations of the N–H, C–H, and O–H stretch at higher wavenumbers and appear on the left side of the spectrum. The stretching absorptions of the C≡C and C≡N occur between 2100–2300 cm−1. In contrast, those arising from stretching absorptions of the C=O, C=N, and C=C occur between 1600–1850 cm−1.
The...

Applications of IR Spectroscopy: Overview

Applications of IR Spectroscopy: Overview

The non-destructive nature and ability to provide valuable chemical information make IR spectroscopy a versatile technique with broad applications in various scientific and industrial fields. IR spectroscopy is commonly used to identify and characterize organic and inorganic compounds. It provides information about the functional groups present in a molecule and the bonding between atoms. This helps in the structural elucidation of compounds during organic synthesis, pharmaceutical research,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

The Use of High-resolution Infrared Thermography (HRIT) for the Study of Ice Nucleation and Ice Propagation in Plants

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Far infrared filters for a rocket-borne radiometer.

H V Romero, J Gursky, A G Blair

|February 2, 2010

Summary

This study details the creation of specialized low-pass far-infrared filters for a rocket experiment. These filters effectively block unwanted radiation, ensuring clear data collection in space.

Area of Science:

Optics and Photonics
Aerospace Engineering
Infrared Spectroscopy

Background:

Rocket-borne radiometer experiments require precise spectral filtering.
Far-infrared radiation presents unique challenges for filter design.
Specific cutoff frequencies (10-25 cm⁻¹) are critical for data acquisition.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and characterize low-pass far-infrared filters.
To meet the spectral requirements for a rocket-borne radiometer.
To present the theory, fabrication, and testing of prototype and flight filters.

Main Methods:

Theoretical modeling of grid filters.
Fabrication of prototype and flight-model filters.
Laboratory transmission measurements to verify spectral performance.

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Last Updated: Jun 16, 2026

The Use of High-resolution Infrared Thermography (HRIT) for the Study of Ice Nucleation and Ice Propagation in Plants

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Main Results:

Successful fabrication of low-pass far-infrared grid filters.
Demonstrated cutoff frequencies within the 10-25 cm⁻¹ range.
Characterization of transmission properties for prototype and flight filters.

Conclusions:

The developed grid filters meet the stringent requirements for the rocket-borne radiometer.
The study provides a comprehensive overview of filter design, fabrication, and performance.
The findings support the successful implementation of the radiometer experiment.