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Related Concept Videos

Obesity01:24

Obesity

The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in adipocytes...
Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution01:25

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution

Obesity significantly alters the pharmacokinetic processes of drug absorption and distribution, presenting unique challenges in medical treatment. The increased fat tissue and decreased lean muscle in obese individuals can significantly affect how drugs are absorbed into the body and distributed across different tissues. This alteration can lead to variances in the effectiveness and safety of medications, necessitating adjustments in dosing or drug selection for obese patients.One notable...
Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Metabolism and Excretion01:20

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Metabolism and Excretion

Drug metabolism, a critical process in the liver, involves two primary phases: Phase I reactions and Phase II conjugation. Obesity introduces significant alterations in this metabolic process, primarily due to fatty infiltration of the liver, leading to conditions such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This condition can modify the activities of both Phase I and II enzymes, impacting how drugs are metabolized in obese patients.Phase I metabolism sees variable effects across...
Drug Dosing: Obese Patients01:21

Drug Dosing: Obese Patients

In the United States, obesity is a prominent concern. It is linked to heightened mortality rates due to increased occurrences of conditions such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and diabetes compared to nonobese individuals. A patient is classified as obese if their actual body weight surpasses the ideal or desirable body weight by 20%, based on Metropolitan Life Insurance Company data. Ideal body weights consider average weights and heights for males and females...
Regulation of Food Intake01:30

Regulation of Food Intake

Short-term regulation of food intake primarily involves neural signals from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, blood nutrient levels, and GI tract hormones. Communication between the gut and brain via vagal nerve fibers plays a significant role in evaluating the contents of the gut. Clinical studies have shown that protein ingestion produces a more prolonged response in these nerve fibers compared to an equivalent amount of glucose. Additionally, the activation of stretch receptors caused by GI...
Metabolic States of the Body: The Postabsorptive State01:18

Metabolic States of the Body: The Postabsorptive State

The postabsorptive state usually starts about four hours after a meal and lasts until the next meal is eaten. During this time, the digestive system stops absorbing nutrients, and the body uses stored energy reserves to maintain stable blood glucose levels.
Initially, glycogen stored in the liver is broken down to release glucose into the bloodstream, while glycogen in the muscles is broken down to supply glucose for energy directly within the muscle cells. As glycogen stores diminish,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Control of Eating Behavior Using a Novel Feedback System
04:48

Control of Eating Behavior Using a Novel Feedback System

Published on: May 8, 2018

[New insights into obesity].

Arnaud Basdevant1, Cécile Ciangura

  • 1Pôle d'Endocrinologie de la Pitié Salpêtrière, AP-HP, 47 bld de l'Hôpital, 75651 Paris cedex 13. arnaud.basdevant@psl.aphp.fr

Bulletin De L'Academie Nationale De Medecine
|February 3, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Obesity stems from energy imbalance and biological predisposition. Adipose tissue changes can cause irreversible "organ disease," explaining treatment resistance and leading to further health issues.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Cell Biology
  • Pathology

Context:

  • Obesity is a complex metabolic disorder characterized by energy imbalance.
  • Genetic and non-genetic factors contribute to an individual's predisposition to obesity.
  • Recent research highlights the significance of fat storage capacity in obesity.

Purpose:

  • To explore the role of adipose tissue alterations in obesity.
  • To understand the mechanisms behind treatment resistance in obesity.
  • To investigate the potential link between gut flora and obesity.

Summary:

  • Obesity results from an energy imbalance (excess calorie intake or reduced expenditure) coupled with biological predispositions.
  • Changes in adipose tissue composition and structure, including inflammation and fibrosis, can transform it into a partially irreversible "organ disease."

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Characterization of Adipocyte-Derived Extracellular Vesicle Secretion Using a CD63-GFP Reporter Mouse Model In Vivo and In Vitro
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Characterization of Adipocyte-Derived Extracellular Vesicle Secretion Using a CD63-GFP Reporter Mouse Model In Vivo and In Vitro

Published on: December 5, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Control of Eating Behavior Using a Novel Feedback System
04:48

Control of Eating Behavior Using a Novel Feedback System

Published on: May 8, 2018

Characterization of Adipocyte-Derived Extracellular Vesicle Secretion Using a CD63-GFP Reporter Mouse Model In Vivo and In Vitro
10:40

Characterization of Adipocyte-Derived Extracellular Vesicle Secretion Using a CD63-GFP Reporter Mouse Model In Vivo and In Vitro

Published on: December 5, 2025

  • This adipose tissue dysfunction contributes to treatment resistance and can cause local and systemic health complications, with the gut microbiome emerging as a key area of investigation.

    • Impact:

    • Provides insights into the pathophysiology of obesity, reframing it as a potential organ disease.
    • Explains the challenges in long-term obesity treatment and resistance.
    • Identifies novel research avenues, such as the gut microbiome's role, for understanding and managing obesity.