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Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Analysis of Neurodegenerative Diseases
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White matter changes in extremely preterm infants, a population-based diffusion tensor imaging study.

Béatrice Skiöld1, Sandra Horsch, Boubou Hallberg

  • 1Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden. beatrice.skiold@karolinska.se

Acta Paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992)
|February 6, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Extremely preterm infants often show diffuse and excessive high signal intensities (DEHSI) on MRI, indicating altered white matter organization, even without severe abnormalities. This highlights the need for advanced imaging in preterm infant brain assessment.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Neonatal Neurology
  • Developmental Neuroscience

Background:

  • Extremely preterm birth poses risks for cerebral white matter (WM) development.
  • Diffuse and excessive high signal intensities (DEHSI) are a specific MRI finding in preterm infants.
  • Understanding WM abnormalities and DEHSI is crucial for assessing neurodevelopmental outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate cerebral white matter (WM) abnormalities and diffuse and excessive high signal intensities (DEHSI) in extremely preterm infants.
  • To utilize magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) for detailed brain analysis.
  • To compare findings in preterm infants with term-born healthy controls.

Main Methods:

  • MRI and DTI were performed at term-equivalent age in a cohort of extremely preterm infants.
  • Diffusion parameters, including Fractional Anisotropy (FA) and Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC), were analyzed.
  • Data from 109 preterm infants and 16 healthy term-born controls were compared.

Main Results:

  • 14% of preterm infants exhibited moderate to severe WM abnormalities; 86% had mild or no abnormalities.
  • DEHSI were prevalent, found in 56% of infants across all WM abnormality grades.
  • Infants with WM abnormalities or DEHSI showed altered diffusion (lower FA, higher ADC) in the centrum semiovale compared to controls.

Conclusions:

  • While moderate/severe WM abnormalities were less common (14%), DEHSI incidence was high in extremely preterm infants.
  • Altered diffusion parameters in DEHSI regions suggest underlying changes in white matter organization.
  • DTI reveals subtle WM alterations in preterm infants that may not be apparent on conventional MRI.