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Ionic Crystal Structures

Ionic Crystal Structures

Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
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Valence Bond Theory

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...

Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect

Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect

In complexation reactions, metal atoms or cations interact with ligands to form donor-acceptor adducts called metal complexes. Ligands that bind through one donor site are monodentate, ligands with two donor sites are bidentate, and those with more than two donor sites are polydentate ligands. For example, ethylene diamine is a bidentate ligand that binds through two nitrogen donor atoms, forming a five-membered ring. EDTA is a polydentate ligand that binds through four oxygen and two nitrogen...

Metallic Solids

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Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

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Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...

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Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Combining Solid-state and Solution-based Techniques: Synthesis and Reactivity of Chalcogenidoplumbates(II or IV)

Combining Solid-state and Solution-based Techniques: Synthesis and Reactivity of Chalcogenidoplumbates(II or IV)

Published on: December 29, 2016

La2U2Se9: an ordered lanthanide/actinide chalcogenide with a novel structure type.

Daniel E Bugaris¹, Roy Copping, Tolek Tyliszczak

¹Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA.

Inorganic Chemistry

|February 9, 2010

Summary

The new compound lanthanum uranium selenide (La(2)U(2)Se(9)) was synthesized and characterized. This material exhibits an antiferromagnetic transition at 5 K and features a novel crystal structure with specific coordination environments for uranium and lanthanum atoms.

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Molten-Salt Synthesis of Complex Metal Oxide Nanoparticles

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Combining Solid-state and Solution-based Techniques: Synthesis and Reactivity of Chalcogenidoplumbates(II or IV)

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Published on: December 29, 2016

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Molten-Salt Synthesis of Complex Metal Oxide Nanoparticles

Molten-Salt Synthesis of Complex Metal Oxide Nanoparticles

Published on: October 27, 2018

Area of Science:

Solid-state chemistry
Materials science
Inorganic chemistry

Background:

Lanthanum and uranium selenides are of interest due to their unique magnetic and structural properties.
Understanding the synthesis and characterization of novel actinide-containing materials is crucial for materials science.

Purpose of the Study:

To synthesize and characterize a new lanthanum-uranium selenide compound.
To determine its crystal structure, magnetic properties, and oxidation states.

Main Methods:

High-yield synthesis via stoichiometric reaction in an antimony selenide flux.
X-ray diffraction for crystallographic analysis.
Magnetic susceptibility measurements and specific heat analysis.
X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy.

Main Results:

Successful synthesis of La(2)U(2)Se(9) in high yield.
Determination of a new orthorhombic crystal structure (space group Pmma) with alternating La/Se and U/Se layers connected by polyselenide chains.
Observation of an antiferromagnetic transition at T(N) = 5 K, with paramagnetic behavior above 50 K fitting the Curie-Weiss law (μ(eff) = 3.10(1) μ(B)/U).
XANES spectra confirmed formal oxidation states of La(+III) and U(+IV).

Conclusions:

La(2)U(2)Se(9) represents a new structure type with complex coordination environments.
The compound exhibits antiferromagnetic ordering at low temperatures.
The electronic structure is consistent with trivalent lanthanum and tetravalent uranium.