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Related Concept Videos

Sanger Sequencing01:57

Sanger Sequencing

DNA sequencing is a fundamental technique that is routinely used in the biological sciences. This method can be applied to a range of questions at different scales - from the sequencing of a cloned DNA fragment or the study of a mutation in a gene up to whole-genome sequencing. However, despite the widespread use of sequencing today, it was not until 1977 that Fredrick Sanger and his collaborators developed the chain-termination method to decode DNA sequences. It relies on the separation of a...
RNA-seq03:21

RNA-seq

RNA sequencing, or RNA-Seq, is a high-throughput sequencing technology used to study the transcriptome of a cell. Transcriptomics helps to interpret the functional elements of a genome and identify the molecular constituents of an organism. Additionally, it also helps in understanding the development of an organism and the occurrence of diseases. 
Before the discovery of RNA-seq, microarray-based methods and Sanger sequencing were used for transcriptome analysis. However, while microarray-based...
DNA Microarrays02:34

DNA Microarrays

Microarrays are high-throughput and relatively inexpensive assays that can be automated to analyze large quantities of data at a time. They are used in genome-wide studies to compare gene or protein expression under two varied conditions, such as healthy and diseased states. Microarrays consist of glass or silica slides on which probe molecules are covalently attached through surface functionalization. Most commonly, the slides are prepared through the chemisorption of silanes to silica...
Next-generation Sequencing03:00

Next-generation Sequencing

The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
Next-Generation Sequencing Methods
Although all next-generation methods use different technologies, they all share a set of standard features.
Maxam-Gilbert Sequencing01:05

Maxam-Gilbert Sequencing

In the same year as the discovery of the Sanger sequencing method, another group of scientists, Allan Maxam and Walter Gilbert, demonstrated their chemical-cleavage method for DNA sequencing. The Maxam-Gilbert method relies on using different chemicals that can cleave the DNA sequence at specific sites, the separation of resulting DNA fragments of variable size using electrophoresis, and deciphering the DNA sequence from the resulting gel bands.
Challenges of the Maxam-Gilbert Method
The...

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Development of capillary array DNA sequencers for genome analysis.

H Kambara1

  • 1Central Research Laboratory, Hitachi Ltd. Kokubunji, Tokyo 185, Japan. hideki.kambara.se@hitachi.com

Chemical Record (New York, N.Y.)
|February 12, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Automated DNA analysis instruments, including capillary array DNA sequencers, were crucial for the Human Genome Project. This review covers the development of these key technologies.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Massive analysis of biological molecules is advancing biological understanding.
  • The Human Genome Project spurred the development of automated tools like DNA sequencers.
  • Early automated DNA analysis instrument development in Japan was a key catalyst.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the principles and development of technologies for capillary array DNA sequencers.
  • To highlight the contribution of these technologies to the Human Genome Project.

Main Methods:

  • Review of historical development of automated DNA analysis.
  • Focus on principles and technological advancements in capillary array DNA sequencing.

Main Results:

  • Significant progress in automated DNA sequencing technologies.
  • Capillary array DNA sequencers played a vital role in completing the Human Genome Project.

Conclusions:

  • The development of automated DNA analysis instruments, particularly capillary array DNA sequencers, was essential for large-scale genomics.
  • Continued innovation in molecular science tools drives biological discovery.