Improving detection limits for organotin compounds in several matrix water samples by...

Area of Science:

• Environmental Chemistry
• Analytical Chemistry
• Organic Chemistry

Background:

• Organotin compounds are widely used but pose environmental risks.
• Accurate detection methods are crucial for regulatory compliance.
• Existing methods may lack sensitivity or require complex procedures.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop and validate a sensitive method for organotin analysis.
• To optimize in situ ethylation and HS-SPME parameters.
• To enable effective monitoring of organotin levels in environmental samples.

Main Methods:

• In situ ethylation followed by headspace-solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME).
• Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detection (GC-FID) for analysis.
• Optimization of reaction time, salinity, sample volume, and headspace volume.

Main Results:

• Detection limits ranged from 0.025 to 1 ng/L.
• Linearity was established in the 0.025-5000 ng/L range.
• Precision (RSD) was below 20% for analyzed samples.
• Successful analysis of real wastewater and seawater samples.

Conclusions:

• The developed HS-SPME-GC-MS method is sensitive and precise for organotin detection.
• The method facilitates compliance with legislated environmental limits.
• This technique is suitable for routine monitoring of organotin compounds in various water matrices.