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Related Concept Videos

The Ideal Diode01:15

The Ideal Diode

A diode is a semiconductor device that allows current to flow in one direction only, making it a crucial component in electronic circuits for controlling the direction of current flow. An ideal diode is a simplified version of a real diode used to understand how diodes work in circuits. It possesses two terminals: the positive anode and the cathode, which is negative. When a positive voltage is applied to the anode relative to the cathode, the diode is in a forward-biased state, allowing...
Galvanometer01:24

Galvanometer

Common devices, including car instrument panels, battery chargers, and inexpensive electrical instruments, measure potential difference (voltage), current, or resistance using a d'Arsonval galvanometer. This electromechanical instrument is also known as a moving coil galvanometer.
The galvanometer consists of  two concave-shaped permanent magnets, providing a uniform radial magnetic field in the annular region. In the center, a pivoted coil of fine copper wire is placed in the uniform magnetic...
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
IR Spectrometers01:25

IR Spectrometers

There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...
X-ray Imaging01:24

X-ray Imaging

German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923) was experimenting with electrical current when he discovered that a mysterious and invisible "ray" would pass through his flesh but leave an outline of his bones on a screen coated with a metal compound. In 1895, Röntgen made the first durable record of the internal parts of a living human: an "X-ray" image (as it came to be called) of his wife’s hand. Scientists worldwide quickly began their own experiments with X-rays, and by 1900, X-ray was widely...
Diode: Reverse bias01:14

Diode: Reverse bias

A diode is reverse-biased when the positive terminal of an external voltage source is connected to the n-type material and the negative terminal to the p-type material. This configuration opposes the natural direction of current flow through the diode, effectively increasing the width of the depletion region and the barrier potential. The reverse bias condition produces a minimal leakage current, primarily due to minority charge carriers. This leakage becomes significant when the reverse...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Characterization of SiN Integrated Optical Phased Arrays on a Wafer-Scale Test Station
05:57

Characterization of SiN Integrated Optical Phased Arrays on a Wafer-Scale Test Station

Published on: April 1, 2020

Silicon diode array vidicons at the telescope: observational experience.

T B McCord, M J Frankston

    Applied Optics
    |February 16, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study details a new two-dimensional imaging system using silicon vidicon tubes for astronomical photometry. The device offers excellent photometric accuracy and linearity, crucial for precise astronomical observations.

    Area of Science:

    • Astronomy and Astrophysics
    • Instrumentation and Observational Techniques

    Background:

    • Astronomical photometry requires high-precision imaging devices.
    • Silicon vidicon tubes offer potential for two-dimensional astronomical imaging.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the performance of a silicon vidicon-based two-dimensional integrating imaging system under actual astronomical observing conditions.
    • To characterize the photometric accuracy, linearity, and reproducibility of the imaging system.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized a two-dimensional integrating imaging device employing silicon vidicon tubes at a telescope.
    • Developed specific procedures for operating the imaging system during astronomical observations.
    • Conducted photometric measurements of astronomical objects, including extended sources and stars.

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    Bringing the Visible Universe into Focus with Robo-AO
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    Bringing the Visible Universe into Focus with Robo-AO

    Published on: February 12, 2013

    Demonstration of Spin-Multiplexed and Direction-Multiplexed All-Dielectric Visible Metaholograms
    08:48

    Demonstration of Spin-Multiplexed and Direction-Multiplexed All-Dielectric Visible Metaholograms

    Published on: September 25, 2020

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jun 16, 2026

    Characterization of SiN Integrated Optical Phased Arrays on a Wafer-Scale Test Station
    05:57

    Characterization of SiN Integrated Optical Phased Arrays on a Wafer-Scale Test Station

    Published on: April 1, 2020

    Bringing the Visible Universe into Focus with Robo-AO
    10:35

    Bringing the Visible Universe into Focus with Robo-AO

    Published on: February 12, 2013

    Demonstration of Spin-Multiplexed and Direction-Multiplexed All-Dielectric Visible Metaholograms
    08:48

    Demonstration of Spin-Multiplexed and Direction-Multiplexed All-Dielectric Visible Metaholograms

    Published on: September 25, 2020

    Main Results:

    • Achieved exposure reproducibility better than 0.05% of full-scale intensity per pixel.
    • Demonstrated a linear system response (gamma = 1) over nearly five orders of magnitude, with accuracy within 0.44% of full-scale intensity.
    • Photometric measurements of extended sources agreed with photomultiplier measurements to approximately 1%.
    • Reproducibility of stellar photometry was better than 0.5%.

    Conclusions:

    • The silicon vidicon-based imaging system provides high photometric accuracy and linearity suitable for astronomical applications.
    • The developed procedures and imaging system enable reliable and precise photometric observations of celestial objects.