Molecular genetics of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
1Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY 13210-2375, USA. faraones@upstate.edu
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) genetics are complex. Meta-analyses support a role for specific genes, including DRD4 and DRD5, in ADHD
Area of Science:
- Neurogenetics
- Psychiatric Genetics
Background:
- Twin studies indicate high heritability of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).
- Molecular genetic studies reveal a complex genetic architecture for ADHD.
- Previous genome-wide scans have yielded inconclusive and divergent findings.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the current understanding of the genetic basis of ADHD.
- To identify genes consistently implicated in ADHD etiology through meta-analyses.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing genome-wide linkage and association scans.
- Analysis of candidate gene studies in ADHD.
- Inclusion of meta-analysis findings.
Main Results:
- Candidate genes like DBH, MAOA, and SLC6A2 show theoretical promise but have inconsistent data.
- Meta-analyses provide substantial evidence implicating genes coding for DRD4, DRD5, SLC6A3, SNAP-25, and HTR1B in ADHD etiology.
Conclusions:
- While the overall genetic picture of ADHD is complex, specific genes show consistent association.
- Further research is needed to clarify the role of various genes in ADHD development.
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