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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm
06:35

Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm

Published on: April 28, 2016

Memory development throughout the second year: overall developmental pattern, individual differences, and

Thorsten Kolling1, Claudia Goertz, Frahsek Stefanie

  • 1Department of Psychology, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Georg Voigt Strasse 8, 60054 Frankfurt am Main, Germany. T.Kolling@psych.uni-frankfurt.de

Infant Behavior & Development
|February 20, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Infant declarative memory improves by 24 months, with individual differences showing low to moderate stability. Two distinct developmental groups emerged, impacting language and self-development trajectories.

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Last Updated: Jun 16, 2026

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Published on: April 28, 2016

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Published on: August 20, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Infant Studies

Background:

  • Declarative memory development in infancy is crucial for cognitive growth.
  • Understanding individual differences in memory development is key.
  • Previous research indicates varying stability of memory performance in early childhood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the developmental trajectory of declarative memory in infants aged 12 to 24 months.
  • To investigate the stability of inter-individual differences in memory performance.
  • To identify distinct developmental patterns and their relation to language and self-development.

Main Methods:

  • A three-wave longitudinal study design.
  • Utilized a deferred imitation task with 92 infants (12, 18, and 24 months old).
  • Employed cluster and multivariate analyses to examine developmental groups and trajectories.

Main Results:

  • Overall declarative memory performance significantly improved from 12 to 24 months.
  • Stability of inter-individual differences in memory was low to moderate.
  • Cluster analysis revealed two distinct developmental groups with differing growth and stability patterns.
  • Multivariate analyses showed unique language and self-development characteristics in these groups.

Conclusions:

  • Declarative memory develops substantially throughout the second year of life.
  • Infant memory development is characterized by distinct trajectories and varying stability.
  • These developmental pathways are associated with specific patterns in language and self-development.