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Lexical Decision Task for Studying Written Word Recognition in Adults with and without Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment

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Published on: June 25, 2019

Text processing variables predict the readability of everyday documents read by older adults.

Bonnie J F Meyer¹, Michael Marsiske, Sherry L Willis

¹The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.

Reading Research Quarterly

|February 20, 2010

Summary

A new model predicts document readability for older adults. It accurately identifies challenging texts, correlating difficulty with cognitive abilities like fluid intelligence and memory.

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Area of Science:

Gerontology
Cognitive Psychology
Linguistics

Background:

Older adults often struggle with everyday documents like forms and labels.
Existing readability measures may not adequately capture challenges faced by this demographic.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and validate a predictive model for the readability of everyday documents for older adults.
To identify linguistic and structural features influencing document comprehension in this population.

Main Methods:

A readability prediction model was developed based on discourse processing theories.
The model analyzed factors like discourse structure, emphasis, and answer position.
A sample of 482 adults aged 52-93 completed an everyday problems test and psychometric assessments.

Main Results:

The model achieved a .54 correlation (p < .01) between predicted readability scores and older adults' performance.
Items identified as more difficult by the model showed higher correlations with fluid intelligence, crystallized intelligence, and memory span.

Conclusions:

The developed model effectively predicts document readability for older adults.
Document difficulty, as assessed by the model, is linked to cognitive abilities crucial for comprehension.