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Related Concept Videos

Hearing01:31

Hearing

When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.
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Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
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Auditory Perception01:17

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The auditory system is essential for sound perception, utilizing various critical structures. When sound waves enter the outer ear, they travel through the ear canal and cause the eardrum to vibrate. These vibrations are then transmitted to the middle ear, where three tiny bones – the malleus, incus, and stapes – amplify the sound. This amplification is crucial, as it ensures that the sound vibrations are strong enough to be conveyed to the inner ear. These vibrations then reach the cochlea, a...
Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location01:21

Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location

The human brain perceives pitch through two primary mechanisms reflected in place theory and frequency theory. Each mechanism describes how sound waves are interpreted as specific pitches by the brain, offering insights into the intricate processes of auditory perception.
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The Cochlea01:13

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The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.
Anatomy of the Ear01:16

Anatomy of the Ear

Auditory sensation, commonly called hearing, involves the transformation of sonic waves into neural impulses facilitated by the structures of the auditory organ. The prominent, flesh-like structure on the side of the head, called the auricle, directs sound waves towards the auditory canal. The auricle is often mislabeled as the pinna, a term more aligned with mobile structures like a feline's external ear. The auditory canal penetrates the cranium via the external auditory meatus of the...

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Related Experiment Video

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Assessment of Audio-Tactile Sensory Substitution Training in Participants with Profound Deafness Using the Event-Related Potential Technique
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Assessment of Audio-Tactile Sensory Substitution Training in Participants with Profound Deafness Using the Event-Related Potential Technique

Published on: September 7, 2022

Auditory expectations for newly acquired structures.

Barbara Tillmann1, Bénédicte Poulin-Charronnat

  • 1Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France. barbara.tillmann@olfac.univ-lyon1.fr

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology (2006)
|February 23, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Listeners can form perceptual expectations for future sounds after learning new auditory structures. This implicit learning enhances processing of expected grammatical tones over unexpected ones.

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Related Experiment Videos

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Assessment of Audio-Tactile Sensory Substitution Training in Participants with Profound Deafness Using the Event-Related Potential Technique
11:39

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Published on: September 7, 2022

Infant Auditory Processing and Event-related Brain Oscillations
06:34

Infant Auditory Processing and Event-related Brain Oscillations

Published on: July 1, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Auditory Perception
  • Implicit Learning

Background:

  • Implicit learning research traditionally focuses on grammaticality judgments of entire sequences.
  • The role of acquired structure knowledge in shaping real-time perceptual expectations remains less understood.
  • Auditory structure acquisition's impact on processing individual sound events requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if newly acquired auditory structure knowledge enables listeners to develop perceptual expectations for future auditory events.
  • To explore the utility of combining implicit learning and priming paradigms for assessing acquired artificial structure knowledge.
  • To determine if learned auditory structures influence the processing of single sound events.

Main Methods:

  • Participants were exposed to structured tone sequences based on an artificial grammar without explicit instruction.
  • A priming task involved speeded in-tune/out-of-tune judgments on target tones within new sequences.
  • Experimental groups performing memory or detection tasks during exposure were compared to a control group lacking exposure.

Main Results:

  • Grammatical tones, consistent with the learned structure, were processed faster and more accurately than ungrammatical tones.
  • This processing advantage for expected (grammatical) tones was observed in participants who underwent the exposure phase (memory task).
  • The processing advantage persisted even when participants actively engaged in an in-tune/out-of-tune detection task during exposure.

Conclusions:

  • Acquisition of new auditory structure knowledge facilitates the development of perceptual expectations for individual sound events.
  • The priming paradigm serves as an effective method for implicitly accessing knowledge of acquired artificial structures.
  • Learned auditory structures influence not only sequence-level grammaticality but also the real-time processing of single auditory events.