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Related Concept Videos

Pharmaceutical Poisoning: Potential Scenarios01:26

Pharmaceutical Poisoning: Potential Scenarios

Pharmaceutical poisoning can occur through various channels, impacting an estimated 2 million hospitalized patients in the U.S. annually with serious adverse drug responses. These scenarios encompass both therapeutic uses, such as drug toxicity, where even standard dosages can lead to severe central nervous system depression, and non-therapeutic exposures, including accidental ingestion by children, and environmental and occupational exposures.Unintentional poisonings often involve exploratory...
Prevention of Further Absorption of Poison01:14

Prevention of Further Absorption of Poison

In cases of acute poisoning, the primary objective is to prevent further absorption of the toxic substance into the body. Immediate interventions using various decontamination techniques targeting the gastrointestinal (GI) tract can achieve this. Decontamination is crucial to prevent poison from entering the systemic circulation, which involves washing affected areas with water and mild soap and removing contaminated clothing. Once external decontamination is done, attention must be turned to...
Drug Toxicity: Risk factors01:24

Drug Toxicity: Risk factors

Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are potential complications that arise during pharmacotherapy, influenced by multiple risk factors. Age plays a significant role; both neonates and the elderly are at heightened risk due to their respective immature and diminished metabolic and elimination processes. Gender also impacts ADRs, with females experiencing a 1.5 to 1.7-fold greater risk than males, which may be linked to pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and hormonal differences. Notably, neonates, the...
Toxidromes: Clinical Features01:30

Toxidromes: Clinical Features

Toxidromes are specific patterns of symptoms resulting from toxic substance exposure. They help in the identification and treatment of poisoning. The symptoms of each toxidrome group indicate poisoning by a certain class of chemicals or drugs.1. Sympathomimetic: Stimulates the sympathetic nervous system. Symptoms include agitation, increased heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), respiratory rate (RR), temperature, and pupil size. Drugs like cocaine and amphetamines, along with tremors and...
Anticholinesterase Agents: Poisoning and Treatment01:26

Anticholinesterase Agents: Poisoning and Treatment

Anticholinesterases, also known as cholinesterase inhibitors, work by blocking the breakdown of acetylcholine, leading to its accumulation in the synaptic cleft. This accumulation indirectly enhances both muscarinic and nicotinic actions. These agents are classified as reversible or irreversible based on their mechanism of action.     
Irreversible agents form a strong bond with the cholinesterase enzyme, making it inactive. The breakdown of the phosphorylated enzyme is slower than the...
Pharmaceutical Poisoning: Treatment Strategies01:26

Pharmaceutical Poisoning: Treatment Strategies

Treatment strategies for poisoning are a critical aspect of emergency medicine, focusing on preventing the absorption of toxins and enhancing their elimination. When a poisoning incident occurs, the first response is to halt exposure and decontaminate the patient, particularly through gastrointestinal (GI) methods if the poison was ingested.Gastrointestinal Decontamination Techniques:Activated charcoal is the cornerstone of GI decontamination. It works through adsorption, binding the toxin to...

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Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Chronic Intermittent Ethanol Vapor Exposure Paired with Two-Bottle Choice to Model Alcohol Use Disorder
05:12

Chronic Intermittent Ethanol Vapor Exposure Paired with Two-Bottle Choice to Model Alcohol Use Disorder

Published on: June 23, 2023

Accidental methanol ingestion: case report.

Jelle L Epker1, Jan Bakker

  • 1Erasmus MC Rotterdam, Department of Intensive Care Medicine, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands. j.epker@erasmusmc.nl

BMC Emergency Medicine
|February 24, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This case report highlights that continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration (CVVH-DF) effectively treats severe methanol intoxication, even in hemodynamically unstable patients. Cerebral edema was the cause of death, not the typical putamen hemorrhage.

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Inducing Acute Liver Injury in Rats via Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl4) Exposure Through an Orogastric Tube
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Last Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Chronic Intermittent Ethanol Vapor Exposure Paired with Two-Bottle Choice to Model Alcohol Use Disorder
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Published on: June 23, 2023

Microdialysis of Ethanol During Operant Ethanol Self-administration and Ethanol Determination by Gas Chromatography
10:11

Microdialysis of Ethanol During Operant Ethanol Self-administration and Ethanol Determination by Gas Chromatography

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Inducing Acute Liver Injury in Rats via Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl4) Exposure Through an Orogastric Tube
06:12

Inducing Acute Liver Injury in Rats via Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl4) Exposure Through an Orogastric Tube

Published on: April 28, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Toxicology
  • Nephrology
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • Methanol intoxication is rare in the Netherlands but can be lethal.
  • Conventional treatment involves hemodialysis.
  • A foreign sailor presented with severe methanol intoxication (4.4 g/L).

Observation:

  • The patient exhibited hemodynamic instability and severe metabolic acidosis (pH 6.69).
  • Anion gap was 39 mmol/L and osmol gap was 73 mosmol/kg.
  • Treatment included ethanol and continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration (CVVH-DF).

Findings:

  • CVVH-DF rapidly corrected pH and methanol levels while maintaining therapeutic ethanol concentrations.
  • Despite hemodynamic and acid-base improvements, the patient developed fatal cerebral edema.
  • This suggests cerebral edema as a cause of death in methanol poisoning.

Implications:

  • CVVH-DF is a safe and effective treatment for severe methanol intoxication in hemodynamically unstable patients.
  • Cerebral edema should be considered a potential cause of death in methanol poisoning.
  • This case expands understanding of methanol toxicity management and outcomes.