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Related Concept Videos

The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
Synthesis and Functions of Calcitonin00:51

Synthesis and Functions of Calcitonin

Calcitonin, a vital polypeptide hormone, regulates calcium levels within body fluids. It is released by the parafollicular cells, also known as C cells, situated in the follicular epithelium of the thyroid gland. Calcitonin responds to fluctuations in blood calcium levels and the influence of gastrointestinal hormones like gastrin and cholecystokinin.
The exact mechanisms by which calcitonin operates in calcium homeostasis remain elusive, but its significance is evident in several vital...
Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...
Goiter01:27

Goiter

Goiter refers to an abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland that may appear as a diffuse goiter (uniform enlargement) or nodular (single or multiple nodules). Functionally, it is classified as nontoxic (normal/low hormone levels) or toxic (excess hormone production).PathophysiologyDiffuse thyroid enlargement typically results from prolonged stimulation by thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) or TSH-like agents, commonly seen in hypothyroidism or iodine deficiency. In contrast, in hyperthyroid...
The Parathyroid Glands00:59

The Parathyroid Glands

The two pairs of parathyroid glands embedded within the posterior surface of the thyroid gland are restricted by a dense capsule around them. These glands comprise two distinct cell populations—parathyroid oxyphil and parathyroid principal cells- pivotal in calcium homeostasis.
Oxyphil cells, whose functions remain elusive, emerge during late puberty, adding a layer of complexity to the parathyroid gland's intricacies. In contrast, principal parathyroid cells undertake a vital role by producing...
Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction01:25

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 15, 2026

An Orthotopic Mouse Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma
07:01

An Orthotopic Mouse Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma

Published on: April 17, 2013

Thyroid nodule with eggshell calcification and oncocytic thyroid cancer.

Subhashini Yaturu1, Laura Rainer

  • 1Section of Endocrinology, Shreveport, LA, USA. subhashini.yaturu@med.va.gov

Medical Science Monitor : International Medical Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research
|March 2, 2010
PubMed
Summary

This case report highlights a rare instance of Hurthle cell thyroid cancer presenting with eggshell calcification. This finding underscores that extensive calcification does not rule out malignancy in thyroid nodules.

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Spontaneous Murine Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer
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Spontaneous Murine Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer

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Last Updated: Jun 15, 2026

An Orthotopic Mouse Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma
07:01

An Orthotopic Mouse Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma

Published on: April 17, 2013

Spontaneous Murine Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer
05:39

Spontaneous Murine Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer

Published on: February 3, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Oncology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Reporting a rare case of Hurthle cell carcinoma of the thyroid.
  • Focusing on unusual eggshell calcification within the tumor.
  • Discussing diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for this rare presentation.

Observation:

  • A 62-year-old man presented with an asymptomatic thyroid nodule.
  • Ultrasound revealed a large, heterogeneous mass with coarse, peripheral calcifications.
  • Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) showed numerous Hurthle cells with atypical features.

Findings:

  • Post-thyroidectomy, a large encapsulated Hurthle cell carcinoma was identified.
  • The tumor exhibited pericapsular and vascular invasion.
  • Extensive, thick calcification required decalcification for histological sectioning.

Implications:

  • This case demonstrates that eggshell calcification can occur in thyroid cancer.
  • Highlights the importance of comprehensive evaluation despite calcification.
  • Suggests that advanced imaging and histological analysis are crucial for accurate diagnosis.