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Related Concept Videos

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Principle01:19

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Principle

Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the most widely used plasma source in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), also known as Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The ICP source, or torch, consists of three concentric quartz tubes with argon gas flowing through them. A spark from a Tesla coil initiates the ionization of argon, generating a high-temperature plasma.
The ions and electrons produced interact with the fluctuating magnetic field created by a water-cooled...
Van de Graaff Generator01:15

Van de Graaff Generator

Van de Graaff generators (or Van de Graaffs) are devices used to demonstrate high voltage due to static electricity that can also be used for research. Robert Van de Graaff first built one in 1931 (based on original suggestions by Lord Kelvin) for use in nuclear physics research.
Van de Graaff uses both smooth and pointed surfaces, conductors, and insulators to generate large static charges and, hence, large voltages. A substantial excess charge can be deposited on the sphere because it moves...
Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry (ICP–MS): Overview01:19

Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry (ICP–MS): Overview

In inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS), an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) torch is used as an atomizer and ionizer. Solid samples are dissolved and volatilized before being introduced into the high-temperature argon plasma, while solution samples are nebulized and passed through the high-temperature argon plasma. Plasma dissociates the analytes and ionizes their component atoms to form a mixture of positive ions and molecular species. The positive ions are then passed on to...
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview01:20

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Atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) is an analytical technique used to determine the elemental composition of a sample by analyzing the light emitted from excited atoms. In AES, atoms in a sample are excited to higher energy levels by thermal energy from high-temperature sources, such as plasma, arcs, or sparks. When these excited atoms return to lower energy states, they emit light at specific wavelengths characteristic of each element. The resulting atomic emission spectrum, which consists of...
Ionization Energy03:12

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The amount of energy required to remove the most loosely bound electron from a gaseous atom in its ground state is called its first ionization energy (IE1). The first ionization energy for an element, X, is the energy required to form a cation with 1+ charge:
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Chemical Ionization (CI) Mass Spectrometry

The molecular ion peak of a molecule in the mass spectrum provides vital information for molecular identification. However, conventional electron impact ionization can lead to the rapid dissociation of some molecular ions before they reach the detector. A milder ionization method is required to increase the lifetime of such ionized analyte molecules. Chemical ionization (CI) is a gas-phase protonation reaction useful for mass-analyzing analyte molecules that are easily protonated to yield the...

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Preparing an Isotopically Pure 229Th Ion Beam for Studies of 229mTh
10:42

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Published on: May 3, 2019

Gridless, very low energy, high-current, gaseous ion source.

A V Vizir1, M V Shandrikov, G Yu Yushkov

  • 1High Current Electronics Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk 634055, Russia. vizir@opee.hcei.tsc.ru

The Review of Scientific Instruments
|March 3, 2010
PubMed
Summary

This study presents a novel low-energy gaseous ion source utilizing a unique two-stage discharge and electron injection. The developed ion source produces a high-current argon ion beam with minimal contamination, ideal for sensitive applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Plasma Physics
  • Ion Beam Generation
  • Low-Energy Ion Sources

Background:

  • Traditional ion sources often suffer from contamination and high operating voltages.
  • Efficiently generating low-energy, high-purity ion beams is crucial for various scientific and industrial applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and characterize a novel, very low energy gaseous ion source with enhanced purity.
  • To investigate the performance of a two-stage discharge with electron injection in a diverging magnetic field for ion generation.

Main Methods:

  • A constricted arc with a hidden cathode spot was used as the electron emitter.
  • A filtering electrode removed macroparticles and unwanted species from the electron flux.
  • A two-stage discharge configuration with electron injection into a magnetic field region facilitated efficient ionization.

Main Results:

  • An argon ion beam with energies of several eV and currents up to 2.5 A was successfully generated.
  • The discharge voltage was maintained below 20 V, minimizing cathode material sputtering.
  • Electron flux filtering and low discharge voltage resulted in extremely low ion flow contamination.

Conclusions:

  • The developed ion source achieves efficient generation of low-energy, high-current ion beams with exceptional purity.
  • The unique discharge configuration and filtering mechanism overcome limitations of conventional ion sources.
  • This technology holds promise for applications requiring high-purity ion beams, such as surface modification and mass spectrometry.