Simple Fourier optics formalism for high-angular-resolution systems and nulling interferometry

Area of Science:

• Optical Engineering
• Astronomy
• Interferometry

Background:

• Multiaperture optical systems are crucial for high-angular-resolution imaging and exoplanet detection via nulling interferometry.
• Existing designs require robust theoretical frameworks for performance assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review advanced multiaperture optical system designs for imaging and nulling interferometry.
• To present a unified Fourier optics formalism for analyzing these systems.
• To assess the performance of novel designs like superresolving telescopes and free-flying interferometers.

Main Methods:

• Development of a Fourier optics formalism for deriving theoretical relationships.
• Analysis of system performance using convolution and cross-correlation products.
• Examination of specific designs including mosaicking procedures and axial/multiaxial recombination.

Main Results:

• The diameter of individual telescopes is identified as the primary limiting factor for system performance.
• Axial recombining schemes demonstrate superior performance in nulling interferometry compared to multiaxial approaches.
• The Fourier optics formalism provides a computationally efficient method for analysis.

Conclusions:

• Individual telescope diameter fundamentally constrains the capabilities of advanced multiaperture optical systems.
• Axial recombination is the preferred method for nulling interferometry in these systems.
• The presented formalism offers a valuable tool for the design and analysis of future optical systems.