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Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Ultrasound Assessment of Endothelial-Dependent Flow-Mediated Vasodilation of the Brachial Artery in Clinical Research
Published on: October 22, 2014
Changes in cardio-ankle vascular index in smoking cessation
Hirofumi Noike1, Keijirou Nakamura, Yuukou Sugiyama
1Department of Cardiovascular Center, Sakura Medical Center, School of Medicine, Toho University, 561-4 Shimoshizu, Sakura City, Chiba, Japan. hfnoike@sakura.med.toho-u.ac.jp
Aim:
To investigate the effect of smoking and smoking cessation on cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI).
Methods:
The subjects were 82 smokers (77 men, 64+/-10 years) and 20 non-smokers (18 men, 61+/-7 years). CAVI was measured every 3 months and CAVI severity was classified into 3 levels. Decreased, unchanged, and increased CAVI severity levels were coded as "improvement," "no change," and "exacerbation," respectively. Smoking status was coded as "success" for complete abstinence, "partial success" for a reduced number of cigarettes, and "failure" for an unchanging number of cigarettes.
Results:
Compared with non-smokers, smokers showed a higher CAVI (p<0.05) prior to smoking cessation. Post-cessation, CAVI improved from 9.4 to 8.6 (p<0.01) in "success" cases (n=22), and the significant pre-cessation difference from non-smokers (n=20, CAVI=8.8) disappeared. With regard to the change in CAVI severity of each smoking status, "improvement" occurred in 17%, 24%, and 68% of "failure" (n=35), "partial success" (n=25), and "success" (n=22) groups, respectively, and the "success" group was significantly higher than the other two groups.
Conclusion:
The study showed that CAVI was increased by smoking, and complete smoking cessation improved CAVI.
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