Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy

Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy

Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy or TIRF is an advanced microscopic technique used to visualize fluorophores in samples close to a solid surface with a higher refractive index, such as a glass coverslip. TIRF only allows fluorophores in proximity to the solid surface to be excited. When light from a medium with a lower refractive index (such as air) hits the glass coverslip at a critical angle, the light undergoes total internal reflection stead of passing through the glass.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Cacography based Ransomware Email Phishing Attack Prevention using Language Pack Tuned Transformer Language Model.

Scientific reports·2025

Same author

Distributed denial-of-service (DDOS) attack detection using supervised machine learning algorithms.

Scientific reports·2025

Same author

Atmospheric rivers over eastern US affected by Pacific/North America pattern.

Science advances·2024

Same author

Implementing High Q-Factor HTS Resonators to Enhance Probe Sensitivity in <sup>13</sup>C NMR Spectroscopy.

Journal of physics. Conference series·2022

Same author

<sup>13</sup>C-Optimized HTS NMR RF Coil Design at 21.1 T.

IEEE transactions on applied superconductivity : a publication of the IEEE Superconductivity Committee·2022

Same author

Anthropogenic forcing and response yield observed positive trend in Earth's energy imbalance.

Nature communications·2021

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Writing Bragg Gratings in Multicore Fibers

Writing Bragg Gratings in Multicore Fibers

Published on: April 20, 2016

Birefringence in elliptically clad borosilicate single-mode fibers.

V Ramaswamy, R H Stolen, M D Divino

|March 11, 2010

Summary

Strain birefringence in optical fibers is caused by expansion coefficient mismatch. This effect is permanent and increases with cladding ellipticity and material mismatch.

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Optical Engineering
Solid State Physics

Background:

Birefringence in optical fibers can impact signal transmission.
Understanding stress-induced birefringence is crucial for fiber optic applications.
Borosilicate fibers are widely used in telecommunications.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the origin of stress-induced strain birefringence in borosilicate elliptically clad fibers.
To determine the factors influencing the magnitude of this birefringence.
To assess the permanence of the observed strain birefringence.

Main Methods:

Experimental analysis of borosilicate elliptically clad fibers.
Thermal cycling to test annealing effects.
Varying cladding ellipticity and material compositions.

More Related Videos

Preparation of Extracellular Matrix Protein Fibers for Brillouin Spectroscopy

Preparation of Extracellular Matrix Protein Fibers for Brillouin Spectroscopy

Published on: September 15, 2016

In-situ Tapering of Chalcogenide Fiber for Mid-infrared Supercontinuum Generation

In-situ Tapering of Chalcogenide Fiber for Mid-infrared Supercontinuum Generation

Published on: May 27, 2013

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Writing Bragg Gratings in Multicore Fibers

Writing Bragg Gratings in Multicore Fibers

Published on: April 20, 2016

Preparation of Extracellular Matrix Protein Fibers for Brillouin Spectroscopy

Preparation of Extracellular Matrix Protein Fibers for Brillouin Spectroscopy

Published on: September 15, 2016

In-situ Tapering of Chalcogenide Fiber for Mid-infrared Supercontinuum Generation

In-situ Tapering of Chalcogenide Fiber for Mid-infrared Supercontinuum Generation

Published on: May 27, 2013

Main Results:

Strain birefringence originates from the expansion coefficient mismatch between the cladding and outer jacket.
The birefringence is non-annealable, even after repeated thermal cycling.
Birefringence increases linearly with cladding ellipticity and expansion coefficient mismatch for a fixed dopant concentration.

Conclusions:

The expansion coefficient mismatch is the primary cause of permanent strain birefringence in these fibers.
Cladding ellipticity is a key design parameter influencing birefringence.
Strategies to mitigate birefringence must account for material properties and fiber geometry.