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¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling

¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling

The probability of having two carbon-13 atoms next to each other is negligible because of the low natural abundance of carbon-13. Consequently, peak splitting due to carbon-carbon spin-spin coupling is not observed in spectra. However, protons up to three sigma bonds away split the carbon signal according to the n+1 rule, resulting in complicated spectra.
A broadband decoupling technique is used to simplify these complex, sometimes overlapping, signals. Broadband decoupling relies on a...

Carbon-13 (¹³C) NMR: Overview

Carbon-13 (¹³C) NMR: Overview

Carbon-13 is a naturally occurring NMR-active isotope of carbon with a low natural abundance of 1.1%. In contrast, carbon-12 is the most abundant isotope of carbon with zero nuclear spin. Therefore, it is NMR inactive. The gyromagnetic ratio of carbon-13 is smaller than that of protons. As a result, carbon-13 resonance is about 6000 times weaker than proton resonance. For a given magnetic field strength, the resonance frequency of carbon-13 is about one-fourth of the resonance frequency for...

NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences

NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences

A pulse is a short burst of radio waves distributed over a range of frequencies that simultaneously excites all the nuclei in the sample. Upon passing a radio frequency pulse along the x-axis, the nuclei absorb energy corresponding to their Larmor frequencies and achieve resonance. This shifts the net magnetization vector from the z-axis toward the transverse plane. This angle of rotation of the magnetization vector, or the flip angle, is proportional to the duration and intensity of the pulse.

NMR Spectrometers: Overview

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NMR spectrometers consist of a strong magnet, a radiofrequency transmitter, and a detector attached to a computer console for recording spectra of samples containing NMR-active nuclei. In first-generation NMR instruments called continuous-wave spectrometers, the resonance frequencies of the nuclei are determined by frequency-sweep or field-sweep methods. The magnetic field strength is fixed and the rf signal is swept in the former, while the radiofrequency signal is fixed and the magnetic field...

¹³C NMR: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT)

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When proton-coupled carbon-13 spectra are simplified by a broadband proton decoupling technique, structural information about the coupled protons is lost. Distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer (DEPT) is a technique that provides information on the number of hydrogens attached to each carbon in a molecule. While the DEPT experiment utilizes complex pulse sequences, the pulse delay and flip angle are specifically manipulated. The resulting signals have different phases depending on...

Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT)

Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT)

Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT) is an advanced Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) technique specifically designed to detect and enhance the signals of low-abundance nuclei, such as carbon-13 and nitrogen-15, in small molecules. The fundamental principle behind INEPT is the transfer of polarization from a more abundant and highly polarizable nucleus, typically hydrogen-1, to the low-abundance nucleus of interest. This process effectively boosts the NMR signal of the...

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Related Experiment Video

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MRM Microcoil Performance Calibration and Usage Demonstrated on Medicago truncatula Roots at 22 T

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¹³C-Optimized HTS NMR RF Coil Design at 21.1 T.

O Sanati¹, A S Edison¹, L A Hornak¹

¹University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.

IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity : a Publication of the IEEE Superconductivity Committee

|March 31, 2022

Summary

We designed a novel superconductor resonator for enhanced nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. This coil improves signal detection for carbon-13 (¹³C) and proton (¹H) NMR applications.

Keywords:

Multiple split-ring resonators high-temperature superconductor coils magnetic resonance probe nuclear magnetic resonance racetrack resonator

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High-Sensitivity Nuclear Magnetic Resonance at Giga-Pascal Pressures: A New Tool for Probing Electronic and Chemical Properties of Condensed Matter under Extreme Conditions

High-Sensitivity Nuclear Magnetic Resonance at Giga-Pascal Pressures: A New Tool for Probing Electronic and Chemical Properties of Condensed Matter under Extreme Conditions

Published on: October 10, 2014

Area of Science:

Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Superconducting Materials Science
Coil Engineering

Background:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy requires highly sensitive transmitter/receiver coils for optimal performance.
Existing NMR coils face limitations in sensitivity and applicability for specific nuclei like carbon-13 (¹³C).
High-temperature superconductors offer potential for enhanced coil performance due to their unique electrical properties.

Purpose of the Study:

To design and evaluate a novel high-temperature superconductor double-sided racetrack resonator for ¹³C optimized NMR.
To improve current density homogeneity and resonance frequency control in NMR coils.
To enhance the suitability of NMR probes for both ¹H and ¹³C spectroscopy.

Main Methods:

Design of a double-sided racetrack resonator utilizing high-temperature superconductors.
Incorporation of revised finger lengths to optimize current density distribution.
Implementation of a laser trimming technique for precise resonance frequency adjustment.
Utilizing advanced simulations and experimental validation to assess resonator performance.

Main Results:

Demonstrated a novel high-temperature superconductor resonator design for NMR applications.
Achieved improved homogeneity of current density across resonator elements.
Successfully implemented a laser trimming method for accurate resonance frequency tuning.
Showcased the ability to shift higher-order modes for versatile ¹H/¹³C NMR probe integration.

Conclusions:

The developed superconductor resonator design offers significant advantages for ¹³C NMR spectroscopy.
The design innovations enhance coil performance, enabling broader applicability in NMR.
This work paves the way for more sensitive and versatile NMR probes.