[Role of intestinal barrier dysfunction in maintenance of chronic inflammatory process of different localization]

Review analyzes modern mechanisms of development of several intestinal inflammatory diseases with chronic course in the basis of which, despite of different phenotypic expression of the process, lay the same cellular and tissue damages associated with permanent imbalance of proinflammatory cytokines, cellular apoptosis, and tissue fibrosis with dysfunction of the organ involved. One of the most important factor in pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory disease and subsequent multiple organ pathology is barrier function of the gut. Increased translocation of intestinal microflora and its toxins through damaged epithelial intestinal barrier in genetically susceptible individuals leads to uncontrolled inflammatory response provided by cells of innate and adaptive immunity. Wide prevalence of violation of ecologic standards, multiple damaging stress factors, permanent presence of immunodepressive and allergy-promoting agents lead to development of variable immunodeficient states and disturbance of homeostasis. Aggressive antibacterial therapy, sanation of the gut and imperfect nutrition worsen the vicious circle: enter of new portion of microbial antigens in lymphoid organs, persistence ofendotoxin and proinflammatory cytokines lead to chronization of somatic pathology with development of multiorgan chronic inflammation.