Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Electrospray Ionization (ESI) Mass Spectrometry

Electrospray Ionization (ESI) Mass Spectrometry

Higher molecular weight biomolecules are nonvolatile compounds that may decompose before ionizing or vaporizing during mass analysis with conventional electron impact ionization methods. Accordingly, electrospray ionization (ESI) is the favored method for vaporizing and ionizing biomolecules as it circumvents rapid fragmentation and enables the recording of mass signals for the entire biomolecule.
ESI utilizes electrical energy to transfer ions from the liquid phase of the sample into the...

Chemical Ionization (CI) Mass Spectrometry

Chemical Ionization (CI) Mass Spectrometry

The molecular ion peak of a molecule in the mass spectrum provides vital information for molecular identification. However, conventional electron impact ionization can lead to the rapid dissociation of some molecular ions before they reach the detector. A milder ionization method is required to increase the lifetime of such ionized analyte molecules. Chemical ionization (CI) is a gas-phase protonation reaction useful for mass-analyzing analyte molecules that are easily protonated to yield the...

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab

AES is a powerful analytical technique, especially effective when used with plasma sources, producing abundant spectra in characteristic emission lines. The Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), in particular, yields superior quantitative analytical data due to its high stability, low noise, low background, and minimal interferences under optimal experimental conditions. However, newer air-operated microwave sources are emerging as promising alternatives that could be more cost-effective than...

Ion-Exchange Chromatography

Ion-Exchange Chromatography

Ion-exchange chromatography, or IEC, is a technique for separating ions based on their affinity for the stationary phase. The stationary phase is a cross-linked polymer resin with covalently attached ionic functional groups. The functional groups can be either positively charged (cation exchangers) or negatively charged (anion exchangers). A cation exchanger consists of a polymeric anion and active cations, while an anion exchanger is a polymeric cation with active anions. The choice of...

Mass Spectrum: Interpretation

Mass Spectrum: Interpretation

An unknown compound can be established by identifying the molecular ion peak in the mass spectrum. The molecular ion peak is often weak or absent due to the predominance of fragmentation in high-energy electron beams. In such cases, a soft-energy electron beam can be used to scan the spectrum to enhance the intensity of the molecular ion peak. Additionally, chemical ionization, field ionization, and desorption ionization spectra are used to obtain a relatively intense molecular ion peak.To...

Mass Spectrometry: Overview

Mass Spectrometry: Overview

Mass spectrometry is an analytical technique used to determine the molecular mass and molecular formula of a compound. The basic principle of mass spectrometry is to generate ions from the analyte molecule and measure these ion abundances against their molecular mass. One common type of ionization, known as electron ionization or EI, bombards the analyte molecules in the gas phase with high-energy electron beams. The electron beams displace an electron from the molecule and leave behind a...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Curated digital datasets of acid dissociation constants in dipolar aprotic solvents.

RSC advances·2026

Same author

Photoredox-Catalyzed Radical Dideuterofluoromethylation Using a Cyclic Sulfoximine Scaffold.

Organic letters·2026

Same author

Valorization of birch tops and branches containing mechanically inseparable wood and bark.

Green chemistry : an international journal and green chemistry resource : GC·2026

Same author

Acidity Scale in 1,2-Difluorobenzene.

ACS omega·2026

Same author

Nutrient assessment of sea buckthorn residues as potential feed ingredients.

Frontiers in veterinary science·2026

Same author

In-Depth Analysis of the Data from an Interlaboratory Study of Quantitative Non-Target Screening-How Do the Instrumental Methods Compare?

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Characterizing Bacterial Volatiles using Secondary Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (SESI-MS)

Characterizing Bacterial Volatiles using Secondary Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (SESI-MS)

Published on: June 8, 2011

Electrospray ionization efficiency scale of organic compounds.

Merit Oss¹, Anneli Kruve, Koit Herodes

¹University of Tartu, Institute of Chemistry, 14a Ravila street, 50411 Tartu, Estonia.

Analytical Chemistry

|March 12, 2010

Summary

Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) sensitivity varies greatly. A new quantitative scale for ESI efficiencies (logIE) was developed, identifying pKa and molecular volume as key predictors for improved analyte characterization.

More Related Videos

Imaging of Biological Tissues by Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Imaging of Biological Tissues by Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Published on: July 12, 2013

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Characterizing Bacterial Volatiles using Secondary Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (SESI-MS)

Characterizing Bacterial Volatiles using Secondary Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (SESI-MS)

Published on: June 8, 2011

Imaging of Biological Tissues by Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Imaging of Biological Tissues by Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Published on: July 12, 2013

Area of Science:

Analytical Chemistry
Mass Spectrometry
Physical Chemistry

Background:

Analyte sensitivity in electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) is highly variable due to differing ionization efficiencies (IE).
A quantitative understanding of IE is crucial for accurate ESI-MS analysis and method development.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a quantitative experimental scale for ESI efficiencies (logIE) of organic compounds.
To identify molecular parameters that best predict ionization efficiency under monoprotonation conditions.

Main Methods:

Development of a self-consistent quantitative experimental ESI efficiency scale (logIE) for organic compounds.
Relative IE (DeltalogIE) measurements for over 250 compound pairs.
Linear regression analysis correlating logIE values with molecular parameters.

Main Results:

Established a logIE scale encompassing 62 diverse organic compounds across six orders of magnitude.
Identified pKa and molecular volume as the two most influential parameters predicting ESI IE.
The scale is based on over 400 relative IE measurements.

Conclusions:

The developed logIE scale and predictive model offer a valuable tool for ESI-MS practitioners.
This approach can enhance analyte characterization and contribute to a broader knowledge base of ESI efficiencies.
Encourages widespread adoption for improved quantitative ESI-MS applications.