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Related Concept Videos

Viral Structure00:56

Viral Structure

Viruses are extraordinarily diverse in shape and size, but they all have several structural features in common. All viruses have a core that contains a DNA- or RNA-based genome. The core is surrounded by a protective coat of proteins called the capsid. The capsid is composed of subunits called capsomeres. The capsid and genome-containing core are together known as the nucleocapsid.
Size and Structure of Viral Genomes01:26

Size and Structure of Viral Genomes

Viral genomes exhibit remarkable diversity in size, structure, and composition, influencing their replication strategies and interactions with host cells. These genomes consist of either DNA or RNA and may be linear or circular. Additionally, they can be single-stranded or double-stranded, with each configuration affecting how the virus propagates within a host. RNA viruses, for instance, generally have smaller genomes than DNA viruses, a factor that contributes to their high mutation rates and...
Introduction to Virus01:28

Introduction to Virus

Viruses are unique biological entities that blur the boundary between living and non-living systems. Although they lack cellular structure and metabolic processes, they can exhibit characteristics of life when infecting a host. Their defining feature is a nucleic acid core, composed of either DNA or RNA, encapsulated within a protein coat called a capsid. This simple structure allows them to invade host cells and use their machinery for replication efficiently.Viral Structure and...
Intracellular Movement of Viruses and Bacteria01:10

Intracellular Movement of Viruses and Bacteria

Intracellular bacteria and viruses often comprise a group of highly infectious pathogens that can cause several diseases. Bacterial pathogens include those belonging to the genus Rickettsia responsible for conditions such as rocky mountain spotted fever and the Mediterranean spotted fever; Chlamydia, a genus responsible for a sexually transmitted disease; Coxiella burnetii, an agent responsible for Q fever. Viral pathogens include vaccinia—a poxvirus, and herpes simplex virus—a virus that...
What are Viruses?00:50

What are Viruses?

Overview
Protein Complex Assembly02:41

Protein Complex Assembly

Proteins can form homomeric complexes with another unit of the same protein or heteromeric complexes with different types.  Most protein complexes self-assemble spontaneously via ordered pathways, while some proteins need assembly factors that guide their proper assembly. Despite the crowded intracellular environment, proteins usually interact with their correct partners and form functional complexes.
Many viruses self-assemble into a fully functional unit using the infected host cell to...

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Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Structure of HIV-1 Capsid Assemblies by Cryo-electron Microscopy and Iterative Helical Real-space Reconstruction
12:38

Structure of HIV-1 Capsid Assemblies by Cryo-electron Microscopy and Iterative Helical Real-space Reconstruction

Published on: August 9, 2011

A multiscale model for virus capsid dynamics.

Changjun Chen1, Rishu Saxena, Guo-Wei Wei

  • 1Department of Mathematics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.

International Journal of Biomedical Imaging
|March 13, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel multiscale modeling approach for virus-environment interactions. It unifies fluid and molecular dynamics, offering new insights into biomolecular systems and public health challenges.

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Advancing High-Resolution Imaging of Virus Assemblies in Liquid and Ice
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Last Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Structure of HIV-1 Capsid Assemblies by Cryo-electron Microscopy and Iterative Helical Real-space Reconstruction
12:38

Structure of HIV-1 Capsid Assemblies by Cryo-electron Microscopy and Iterative Helical Real-space Reconstruction

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Advancing High-Resolution Imaging of Virus Assemblies in Liquid and Ice
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Advancing High-Resolution Imaging of Virus Assemblies in Liquid and Ice

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Computational Biology
  • Theoretical Chemistry

Background:

  • Viruses pose significant public health risks, necessitating a deeper understanding of their behavior.
  • Modeling virus-environment interactions is complex due to the interplay of different scales.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a unified theoretical framework for modeling complex biomolecular systems.
  • To couple macroscopic fluid dynamics with microscopic molecular dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing differential geometry and geometric measure theory.
  • Constructing a multiscale action functional to derive governing equations.
  • Employing a least action principle to derive Navier-Stokes and Newton's equations.

Main Results:

  • Successfully coupled continuum and discrete domains through a continuum-discrete interface.
  • Demonstrated the derivation of classical fluid and molecular dynamics equations from the proposed framework.
  • Showcased potential-driven geometric flows governing interface dynamics.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed differential geometry-based multiscale paradigm effectively models virus-environment interactions.
  • This approach provides a unified framework for understanding complex biomolecular dynamics.
  • Offers a new theoretical tool for advancing scientific and public health research.