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Related Concept Videos

Phase Diagram01:19

Phase Diagram

The phase of a given substance depends on the pressure and temperature. Thus, plots of pressure versus temperature showing the phase in each region provide considerable insights into the thermal properties of substances. Such plots are known as phase diagrams. For instance, in the phase diagram for water (Figure 1), the solid curve boundaries between the phases indicate phase transitions (i.e., temperatures and pressures at which the phases coexist).
Phase Diagram01:24

Phase Diagram

A phase diagram is a graphical representation of the physical states of a substance under different conditions of temperature and pressure. It shows the boundaries between solid, liquid, and gas phases and the conditions at which these phases coexist in equilibrium. An area in a phase diagram represents a single phase, whereas lines or phase boundaries represent the equilibrium between two phases.In the phase diagram of water, the boundary line between the solid and liquid states illustrates...
Phase Changes01:19

Phase Changes

Phase transitions play an important theoretical and practical role in the study of heat flow. In melting or fusion, a solid turns into a liquid; the opposite process is freezing. In evaporation, a liquid turns into a gas; the opposite process is condensation.
A substance melts or freezes at a temperature called its melting point and boils or condenses at its boiling point. These temperatures depend on pressure. High pressure favors the denser form of the substance, so typically, high pressure...
Phase Diagrams02:39

Phase Diagrams

A phase diagram combines plots of pressure versus temperature for the liquid-gas, solid-liquid, and solid-gas phase-transition equilibria of a substance. These diagrams indicate the physical states that exist under specific conditions of pressure and temperature and also provide the pressure dependence of the phase-transition temperatures (melting points, sublimation points, boiling points). Regions or areas labeled solid, liquid, and gas represent single phases, while lines or curves represent...
Phase Transitions02:31

Phase Transitions

Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to occupy...
Phase Transitions01:21

Phase Transitions

A phase transition is the process in which a substance changes from one state of matter to another, like from a solid to a liquid, liquid to gas, or vice versa, at a specific temperature and under given pressure conditions. This change is spontaneous and is affected by alterations in temperature and pressure. These parameters impact the strength of the forces between molecules (intermolecular forces) in the substance.During a phase transition, both the initial and final phases of the substance...

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Synthesis and Microdiffraction at Extreme Pressures and Temperatures
07:26

Synthesis and Microdiffraction at Extreme Pressures and Temperatures

Published on: October 7, 2013

Basic aspects of phase changes under high pressure.

Antonio Delgado1, Leszek Kulisiewicz, Cornelia Rauh

  • 1Institute of Fluid Mechanics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany.

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
|March 18, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study presents a universal thermodynamic model to predict the phase transition line for high molar volume substances like edible oils under high pressure. The model offers a linear approximation for describing phase boundaries in food processing and biotechnology applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Thermodynamics
  • Materials Science
  • Food Science

Background:

  • Substances with high molar volumes, such as edible oils and fats, exhibit phase changes (liquid-solid transition) under pressures relevant to food processing and biotechnology.
  • Understanding these phase transitions is crucial for optimizing industrial processes and product quality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a universal thermodynamic model for predicting the phase transition line (phase boundary) of homogeneous media with high molar volumes.
  • To provide theoretical insights into the pressure-temperature domain of phase changes relevant to biotechnology and food processing.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a universal model equation based on equilibrium thermodynamics.
  • Analysis of approximate solutions to describe the phase boundary.
  • Presentation of experimental methods for determining phase boundaries under high pressure.

Main Results:

  • A universal model equation is presented for predicting the phase transition line of high molar volume substances.
  • Approximate solutions suggest a sequential linear relationship for describing the phase boundary.
  • The study attempts to validate the theoretical model against experimental data.

Conclusions:

  • The developed model provides a theoretical framework for understanding and predicting phase transitions in high molar volume substances.
  • The findings can aid in optimizing high-pressure processing in food and biotechnology.
  • Further experimental validation is recommended to confirm the model's accuracy across various substances.