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Related Experiment Videos

Varicoceles. Radiologic diagnosis and treatment.

B E Demas1, H Hricak, R D McClure

  • 1Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco.

Radiologic Clinics of North America
|May 1, 1991
PubMed
Summary

Varicoceles, abnormal veins in the scrotum, are linked to male infertility. Early diagnosis and treatment, including minimally invasive options, can improve fertility outcomes in adolescents and adults.

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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Radiology
  • Reproductive Medicine

Background:

  • Varicoceles have been associated with male subfertility and infertility since the late 19th century.
  • Surgical ligation has been a standard therapy for 40 years to improve semen quality and fertility.
  • Varicocele size is not a reliable predictor of prognosis after surgical ligation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of both clinically apparent and occult varicoceles.
  • To evaluate the impact of early intervention on testicular function and fertility in adolescents.
  • To assess the efficacy of percutaneous transvenous occlusion as an alternative to surgical therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of urology and radiology literature on varicocele diagnosis and treatment.
  • Correlation of sonographic varicocele evidence with semen analysis (sperm density, motility, morphology).
  • Evaluation of evidence for percutaneous transvenous occlusion in varicocele treatment, especially for recurrent cases.

Main Results:

  • Subclinical varicoceles can adversely affect testicular function and histology.
  • Age at intervention may influence fertility enhancement success.
  • Percutaneous transvenous occlusion is a feasible, safe, and effective treatment option, particularly for recurrent varicoceles.

Conclusions:

  • Early diagnosis and treatment of varicoceles, including occult cases in young males, may improve fertility outcomes.
  • Testicular growth post-ligation in adolescents supports early intervention.
  • Percutaneous transvenous occlusion offers a viable alternative to surgery for varicocele management.

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