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Related Concept Videos

Dialysis01:15

Dialysis

Dialysis is a diffusion-based purification process that separates analyte molecules from a complex matrix. This is accomplished by allowing molecules in the solution to pass through a semipermeable membrane into a liquid on the other side. The membrane is usually made of cellulose acetate or cellulose nitrate, and the second liquid must be miscible with the solution. Ions (e.g., chloride or sodium) or organic molecules (e.g., glucose) can pass through the membrane pores, which generally have...
In Vitro Drug Dissolution: Alternative Methods01:17

In Vitro Drug Dissolution: Alternative Methods

Alternative drug dissolution methods include the rotating bottle, intrinsic dissolution test, peristalsis, and the Franz diffusion cell method. The rotating bottle method involves meticulously rotating tightly capped controlled-release beads in a temperature-controlled bath. Periodic decanting of samples allows for residue assay, followed by refilling with fresh medium and testing at various pH levels to emulate the gastrointestinal tract conditions.In contrast, the intrinsic dissolution test...
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Methods for Studying Drug Absorption: In situ

In situ experiments, such as the Doluisio method and Single-Pass Perfusion technique, provide critical insights into drug uptake by simulating in vivo conditions for drug absorption.
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In Vitro Drug Dissolution: Compendial Testing Models II01:09

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Various dissolution methods are utilized to assess a drug’s dissolution rate, including the flow-through cell, paddle-over-disk, cylinder, and reciprocating disk methods.The flow-through cell apparatus (USP (United States Pharmacopeia) method 4) comprises a reservoir for the dissolution medium and a pump that propels the medium through the cell containing the test sample. This method is crucial for assessing modified-release dosage forms with minimally soluble active ingredients, maintaining...
Water and Mineral Acquisition02:34

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Specialized tissues in plant roots have evolved to capture water, minerals, and some ions from the soil. Roots exhibit a variety of branching patterns that facilitate this process. The outermost root cells have specialized structures called root hairs that increase the root surface, thus increasing soil contact. Water can passively cross into roots, as the concentration of water in the soil is higher than that of the root tissue. Minerals, in contrast, are actively transported into root cells.
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Two-Dimensional Visualization and Quantification of Labile, Inorganic Plant Nutrients and Contaminants in Soil
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Dye diffusion in instrumented root canals irrigated with different solutions.

Maria de los Angeles Bulacio1, Guillermo Raiden

  • 1Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Tucumán, Argentina. maritabulacio@hotmail.com

Acta Odontologica Latinoamericana : AOL
|March 23, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) 17% demonstrated superior methylene blue dye penetration into root dentin compared to sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) 2.5% and chlorhexidine (CHX) 0.2%. This indicates varying efficacy of endodontic irrigation solutions in reaching deep dentinal tubules.

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Area of Science:

  • Endodontics
  • Dental Materials Science
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Endodontic treatment success relies on effective irrigation solutions for canal cleaning.
  • Infectious lesions can harbor bacteria deep within dentinal tubules, necessitating solutions that penetrate these areas.
  • Understanding irrigation solution penetration is crucial for optimizing endodontic disinfection protocols.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the penetration depth of methylene blue dye in instrumented root dentin using different irrigation solutions.
  • To evaluate dye penetration across the cervical, middle, and apical thirds of the root canal.
  • To assess the efficacy of 17% EDTA, 2.5% NaOCl, and 0.2% CHX in penetrating dentinal tubules.

Main Methods:

  • Single-rooted teeth were instrumented and irrigated with either 17% EDTA, 2.5% NaOCl, 0.2% CHX, or distilled water.
  • Teeth were flooded with 2% methylene blue, washed, and sectioned into cervical, middle, and apical thirds.
  • Dye penetration was quantified using both linear measurements and digital image analysis of stained areas.

Main Results:

  • Methylene blue penetration was greatest in the cervical third, followed by the middle and apical thirds, across all tested solutions.
  • 17% EDTA showed the highest mean dye penetration values (linear: 71.69%, area: 61.52% in cervical third).
  • 2.5% NaOCl and 0.2% CHX exhibited progressively lower penetration, with no significant penetration observed with distilled water.

Conclusions:

  • 17% EDTA demonstrated the most extensive penetration into root dentin among the tested solutions.
  • The efficacy of irrigation solutions in penetrating dentinal tubules varies significantly, with cervical thirds showing the highest penetration.
  • These findings highlight the importance of selecting appropriate irrigation solutions for effective disinfection of the entire root canal system, including dentinal tubules.