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Related Concept Videos

Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathway02:54

Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathway

The gene encoding the main signaling molecules of the Wnt signaling pathways (the Wnt proteins) was discovered almost four decades ago by Nüsslein-Volhard and Wieschaus. They identified and originally named the gene "wingless" (wg) after a phenotype discovered during their landmark genetic screen in Drosophila for body pattern defects. At around the same time, another researcher named Harold Varmus found that a murine tumor virus activates the mammalian wg homolog, Int-1, which results in tumor...
Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathway02:54

Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathway

The gene encoding the main signaling molecules of the Wnt signaling pathways (the Wnt proteins) was discovered almost four decades ago by Nüsslein-Volhard and Wieschaus. They identified and originally named the gene "wingless" (wg) after a phenotype discovered during their landmark genetic screen in Drosophila for body pattern defects. At around the same time, another researcher named Harold Varmus found that a murine tumor virus activates the mammalian wg homolog, Int-1, which results in tumor...
Non-Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathways01:41

Non-Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathways

Wnt is a zygotic effect gene that is expressed during very early embryonic development. It regulates various processes in animals starting from early development through the adult stage, such as organogenesis in the embryo and maintenance of neuronal and blood stem cells. Wnt proteins can induce a wide variety of intracellular pathways depending upon the specific abilities of different Wnt ligands to form a complex with shared and cognate receptors in the presence of different co-receptors. The...
Non-Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathways01:41

Non-Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathways

Wnt is a zygotic effect gene that is expressed during very early embryonic development. It regulates various processes in animals starting from early development through the adult stage, such as organogenesis in the embryo and maintenance of neuronal and blood stem cells. Wnt proteins can induce a wide variety of intracellular pathways depending upon the specific abilities of different Wnt ligands to form a complex with shared and cognate receptors in the presence of different co-receptors. The...
Mechanism of Lamellipodia Formation01:31

Mechanism of Lamellipodia Formation

Cells migrating in response to external stimuli form lamellipodia, which are thin membrane protrusions supported by a mesh of linked, branched, or unbranched actin filaments. These actin filaments interact with myosin motor proteins, creating the dynamic actomyosin complex within the cytoskeleton. Contractility, or the ability to generate contractile stress, is inherent to the actomyosin complex. It helps cells detect the stiffness of the surrounding ECM and exert contractile force for...
Role Of Notch Signalling In Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal01:12

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Notch signaling was first discovered in Drosophila melanogaster, where it is involved in cell lineage differentiation. Notch signaling regulates the maintenance and differentiation of intestinal stem cells or ISCs by controlling the expression of atonal homolog 1 or Atoh1. Atoh1 directs cells to differentiate into secretory cells.
Direct cell-to-cell contact is needed for the activation of Notch signaling. The signal is initiated when a notch ligand binds to a receptor on an adjacent cell, also...

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A Microfluidics Approach for the Functional Investigation of Signaling Oscillations Governing Somitogenesis
08:06

A Microfluidics Approach for the Functional Investigation of Signaling Oscillations Governing Somitogenesis

Published on: March 19, 2021

A Wnt oscillator model for somitogenesis.

Peter B Jensen1, Lykke Pedersen, Sandeep Krishna

  • 1Niels Bohr Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Biophysical Journal
|March 23, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study models the vertebrate segmentation clock using the Wnt signaling pathway, revealing robust ultradian oscillations driven by a negative feedback loop involving Axin2 and beta-catenin, crucial for somitogenesis.

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Published on: February 28, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Systems Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Vertebrate somitogenesis relies on a segmentation clock.
  • The Wnt signaling pathway is implicated in this process.
  • Understanding the molecular mechanisms driving segmentation is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a mathematical model for the segmentation clock in vertebrate somitogenesis.
  • To investigate the role of the Wnt signaling pathway and its components, such as Axin2 and beta-catenin, in driving oscillations.
  • To explore the impact of Wnt ligand gradients on segmentation clock dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a computational model based on the Wnt signaling pathway.
  • Inclusion of a negative feedback loop involving Axin2 and beta-catenin.
  • Simulation of ultradian oscillations and analysis of their robustness.
  • Introduction of a spatial Wnt gradient through time-dependent ligand concentration changes.

Main Results:

  • The model successfully generates robust ultradian oscillations (few hours) in key molecular components.
  • Oscillations exhibit spiky behavior with sharp peaks in beta-catenin concentration.
  • Saturated degradation of Axin2 is essential for maintaining oscillations.
  • Decreasing Wnt ligand concentration leads to the disappearance of oscillations, mirroring embryonic observations.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed model accurately captures essential dynamics of the vertebrate segmentation clock.
  • The Wnt signaling pathway, particularly the Axin2-beta-catenin feedback loop, is a key driver of segmentation clock oscillations.
  • The model's predictions align with experimental observations in chick and mouse embryos regarding Wnt gradients and somite formation.