Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The Role of Ion Channels in Neuronal Computation01:19

The Role of Ion Channels in Neuronal Computation

3.1K
A postsynaptic neuron usually receives numerous impulses from several other presynaptic neurons. The axon hillock of the postsynaptic neuron integrates all these signals and determines the likelihood of firing an action potential.
Sometimes a single EPSP is strong enough to induce an action potential in the postsynaptic neuron. However, multiple presynaptic inputs must often create EPSPs around the same time for the postsynaptic neuron to be sufficiently depolarized to fire an action potential....
3.1K
Integration of Synaptic Events01:28

Integration of Synaptic Events

1.4K
Synaptic integration mainly includes the summation of graded potentials. Graded potentials, regardless of their type, cause subtle alterations in membrane voltage, resulting in either depolarization or hyperpolarization. These incremental changes, when combined or summed, can propel the neuron toward its threshold. Consider, for example, a membrane experiencing a +15 mV shift, causing it to depolarize from -70 mV to -55 mV. In this scenario, graded potentials govern the membrane's ability...
1.4K
Action Potentials01:41

Action Potentials

128.9K
Overview
128.9K
Electrochemical Gradient and Channel Proteins: An Overview01:21

Electrochemical Gradient and Channel Proteins: An Overview

2.0K
An electrochemical gradient is a fundamental concept in biology and chemistry. It regulates the movement of ions across cell membranes. This movement is influenced by two factors:
The electrical gradient: The electrical gradient across cell membranes refers to the difference in electric charge between the inside and outside of a cell.  This difference drives the movement of ions towards or away from the cells. For instance, if the inside of the cell is more negatively charged relative to...
2.0K
Ligand-Gated Ion Channel Receptor: Gating Mechanism01:30

Ligand-Gated Ion Channel Receptor: Gating Mechanism

2.1K
Ligand-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins that play a vital role in intercellular communication and functions of the nervous system. They allow the influx of ions across the membrane once the neurotransmitter binds, allowing the subsequent transmission of electrical excitation across the neurons. Other ligand-gated ion channels, like the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor, permit anions like chloride into the cells on the binding of the GABA molecule. Their entry into the cell...
2.1K
Graded Potential01:19

Graded Potential

3.6K
Graded potentials are localized fluctuations in the cell membrane's electrical charge, commonly found in the dendrites of neurons. The magnitude of these potential changes depends on the strength of the initiating stimulus. In a membrane at its resting potential, a graded potential signifies a voltage shift either above -70 mV or below -70 mV.
Graded potentials fall into two categories: depolarizing and hyperpolarizing. Depolarizing graded potentials typically occur when sodium (Na+) or...
3.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Outplaying elite table tennis players with an autonomous robot.

Nature·2026
Same author

Whisker-based spatial cognition in mice.

Current biology : CB·2026
Same author

Distinct roles of cortical layer 5 subtypes in associative learning.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Genetic resonance in the p53 signaling network.

Cell systems·2026
Same author

Center-of-pressure responses to optokinetic stimulation in patients with stroke and age-matched healthy adults: identifying sensitive measures-an exploratory study.

Topics in stroke rehabilitation·2026
Same author

Complex multiannual cycles of <i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i>: Persistence and the role of stochasticity.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2025
Same journal

Towards globally equitable bioinformatics adoption.

PLoS biology·2026
Same journal

The human claustrum supports cognitive networks for externally and internally driven task demands.

PLoS biology·2026
Same journal

Unusual decay: Recombination loss leads to splicing errors in green algae.

PLoS biology·2026
Same journal

Angptl5 restricts primitive hematopoiesis by promoting retinoic acid signaling in zebrafish.

PLoS biology·2026
Same journal

Engineered bipaternal mice reveal the consequences of life without a maternal genomic contribution.

PLoS biology·2026
Same journal

Multiple adhesion molecules act together in oligodendrocyte-mediated axonal selection and myelin formation.

PLoS biology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2025

Fast Micro-iontophoresis of Glutamate and GABA: A Useful Tool to Investigate Synaptic Integration
07:08

Fast Micro-iontophoresis of Glutamate and GABA: A Useful Tool to Investigate Synaptic Integration

Published on: July 31, 2013

19.5K

Local changes in potassium ions regulate input integration in active dendrites.

Malthe S Nordentoft1, Naoya Takahashi2, Mathias S Heltberg1

  • 1Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Plos Biology
|December 4, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Extracellular potassium ([K+]o) changes during neuronal activity influence dendritic integration. Similar input tuning amplifies [K+]o, boosting dendritic excitability and neuronal firing gain without losing feature selectivity.

More Related Videos

Subcellular Patch-clamp Recordings from the Somatodendritic Domain of Nigral Dopamine Neurons
09:17

Subcellular Patch-clamp Recordings from the Somatodendritic Domain of Nigral Dopamine Neurons

Published on: November 2, 2016

14.9K
Two-photon Calcium Imaging in Neuronal Dendrites in Brain Slices
10:35

Two-photon Calcium Imaging in Neuronal Dendrites in Brain Slices

Published on: March 15, 2018

10.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 5, 2025

Fast Micro-iontophoresis of Glutamate and GABA: A Useful Tool to Investigate Synaptic Integration
07:08

Fast Micro-iontophoresis of Glutamate and GABA: A Useful Tool to Investigate Synaptic Integration

Published on: July 31, 2013

19.5K
Subcellular Patch-clamp Recordings from the Somatodendritic Domain of Nigral Dopamine Neurons
09:17

Subcellular Patch-clamp Recordings from the Somatodendritic Domain of Nigral Dopamine Neurons

Published on: November 2, 2016

14.9K
Two-photon Calcium Imaging in Neuronal Dendrites in Brain Slices
10:35

Two-photon Calcium Imaging in Neuronal Dendrites in Brain Slices

Published on: March 15, 2018

10.7K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Computational Neuroscience
  • Computational Biology

Background:

  • Neuronal activity elevates extracellular potassium ([K+]o).
  • The role of these [K+]o changes in dendritic integration of synaptic inputs remains unclear.
  • Understanding this is crucial for comprehending neuronal computation in sensory cortices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of synaptic activity-dependent potassium changes in dendritic integration.
  • To investigate how [K+]o dynamics affect dendritic excitability and neuronal output in response to orientation-tuned inputs.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized mathematical formulations and biophysical modeling.
  • Simulated synaptic inputs tuned to stimulus orientation on a visual cortex pyramidal neuron model.
  • Analyzed the impact of input spatial arrangement on [K+]o changes and dendritic excitability.

Main Results:

  • The spatial arrangement of synaptic inputs dictates the magnitude of dendritic [K+]o increases.
  • Similarly tuned inputs lead to higher [K+]o elevations compared to diversely tuned inputs.
  • [K+]o elevations enhance dendritic excitability, promoting dendritic spikes and amplifying neuronal input-output gain.
  • This results in increased orientation-tuned somatic firing rates without compromising orientation selectivity.

Conclusions:

  • Local, activity-dependent [K+]o changes in dendrites act as a "volume knob" for synaptic input impact.
  • These dynamics modulate neuronal firing gain and feature selectivity.
  • Suggests a novel mechanism for regulating neuronal responses in sensory processing.