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Cellulose biosynthesis and function in bacteria.

P Ross1, R Mayer, M Benziman

  • 1Departement of Biological Chemistry, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel.

Microbiological Reviews
|March 1, 1991
PubMed
Summary
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Researchers explored cellulose biogenesis in bacteria, focusing on Acetobacter xylinum. They identified key genes and regulatory mechanisms involving cyclic diguanylic acid, crucial for cellulose synthesis and fibril formation.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Cellulose biogenesis models describe glucose polymerization into beta-1,4-glucan chains forming crystalline fibrils.
  • Bacterial cellulose synthesis involves a complex cellulose synthase and regulatory systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the genetic and biochemical basis of cellulose synthesis in Acetobacter xylinum.
  • To understand the regulatory mechanisms controlling bacterial cellulose production.

Main Methods:

  • Genetic isolation of genes involved in cellulose synthesis.
  • Biochemical analysis of cellulose synthase and regulatory components.

Main Results:

  • Four genes constituting the cellulose synthesis operon in A. xylinum were identified.

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  • The catalytic subunit of cellulose synthase is encoded by the second gene.
  • Regulation involves cyclic diguanylic acid (c-di-GMP) and associated enzymes.

    • Conclusions:

    • Bacterial cellulose synthesis is tightly regulated by novel nucleotide signaling pathways.
    • Acetobacter xylinum is a valuable model for studying cellulose biogenesis and its industrial applications.