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Psychosocial support for cosmonauts.

N Kanas1

  • 1Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94121.

Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine
|April 1, 1991
PubMed
Summary
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Soviet cosmonaut selection and training focused on neuropsychological resistance. Support strategies addressed asthenia and interpersonal tension, improving crew health and performance during long-duration space missions.

Area of Science:

  • Space psychology
  • Human factors in aerospace medicine

Background:

  • Long-duration space missions pose significant psychological and interpersonal challenges.
  • The Soviet Union developed unique approaches to manage these challenges for cosmonauts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the Soviet experience in addressing psychological and interpersonal factors in long-duration space missions.
  • To outline cosmonaut selection, training, and in-flight support strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of Soviet cosmonaut selection and training principles, including "neuropsychological resistance."
  • In-flight monitoring via macroanalysis of crew speech characteristics.
  • Analysis of psychosocial problems such as asthenia and interpersonal tension.

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Main Results:

  • Effective support strategies involved enhancing adaptation, flexible scheduling, environmental improvements, and post-flight readjustment.
  • Monitoring crew speech provided insights into psychological states.
  • Changes in cosmonaut preferences and sensitivities were observed during missions.

Conclusions:

  • Psychosocial support activities are crucial for maintaining cosmonaut health and performance.
  • Soviet practices offer valuable lessons for future long-duration space exploration.