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Attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity among paediatric outpatients.
M S Bhatia1, V R Nigam, N Bohra
1Department of Psychiatry, University College of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India.
Summary
Attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity (ADDH) affects more boys than girls and its prevalence increases with age. Children with ADDH show higher rates of pregnancy/delivery complications and associated developmental issues.
Area of Science:
- Pediatrics
- Child Psychology
- Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Background:
- Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity (ADDH) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder in children.
- Understanding the prevalence and associated risk factors of ADDH is crucial for early intervention.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the prevalence of ADDH in children aged 3-12 years.
- To identify demographic, perinatal, and familial factors associated with ADDH.
Main Methods:
- Screening of 1,000 children aged 3-12 years in a pediatric outpatient department over 3.5 years.
- Comparison of children with ADDH to a control group regarding various risk factors.
Main Results:
- 11.2% of children screened had ADDH, with prevalence increasing from 5.2% (3-4 years) to 29.2% (11-12 years).
- ADDH was four times more common in boys than girls, more frequent in first-born children, and those from lower social classes.
- Children with ADDH had higher rates of pregnancy/delivery complications, delayed development, enuresis, tics, and parental psychiatric issues.
Conclusions:
- ADDH prevalence escalates with age, disproportionately affects boys, and is linked to specific perinatal and familial factors.
- Early identification and intervention strategies should consider these demographic and risk associations.