Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for injury repair.
Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming01:14

Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is the process of switching gene expression of one cell type to that of another cell type, usually from a differentiated cell state to an undifferentiated cell state. Differentiation occurs during processes such as development and morphogenesis, tissue regeneration, and malignancy. Cells can also be artificially induced to reprogram their gene expression by techniques such as nuclear transfer, induced pluripotency, and cell fusion. Such techniques have many applications in...
Reproductive Cloning01:27

Reproductive Cloning

Reproductive cloning is the process of producing a genetically identical copy—a clone—of an entire organism. While clones can be produced by splitting an early embryo—similar to what happens naturally with identical twins—cloning of adult animals is usually done by a process called somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT).
Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer
In SCNT, an egg cell is taken from an animal and its nucleus is removed, creating an enucleated egg. Then a somatic cell—any cell that is not a sex...
Reproductive Cloning01:27

Reproductive Cloning

Reproductive cloning is the process of producing a genetically identical copy—a clone—of an entire organism. While clones can be produced by splitting an early embryo—similar to what happens naturally with identical twins—cloning of adult animals is usually done by a process called somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT).
Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer
In SCNT, an egg cell is taken from an animal and its nucleus is removed, creating an enucleated egg. Then a somatic cell—any cell that is not a sex...
Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012 for this...
Cloning of Dolly the Sheep01:08

Cloning of Dolly the Sheep

The first successfully cloned mammal was Dolly, a sheep, born on 5th July 1996 at Roslin Institute, Scotland. The cloned sheep was named after the American singer Dolly Parton. Dolly lived for seven years and died of respiratory complications, which is speculated to be due to the actual age of her DNA. Because the DNA in cloned cells belongs to an older individual,  the cloned individual’s life expectancy may be affected. Indeed, analysis of Dolly’s DNA revealed shorter telomeres than other...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Top-Down Proteomics of Zebrafish Brain Regions Using Capillary Zone Electrophoresis-Tandem Mass Spectrometry.

Journal of proteome research·2026
Same author

Uncovering zebrafish embryonic proteome dynamics across 16 time points during the first 24 hours of development.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Spatial localization of avian and human influenza A virus receptors in male and female bovine reproductive tissues.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Differential effects of follicle-stimulating hormone dosage on in vitro embryo production in high- and low-anti-Müllerian hormone Holstein heifers.

Journal of dairy science·2026
Same author

Top-Down Proteomics Study of Aging and Sexual Dimorphism of Zebrafish Brains.

Journal of mass spectrometry : JMS·2025
Same author

Epitranscriptomic modifications in embryonic development: insights into natural and ART-induced mechanisms and implications.

Human reproduction update·2025
Same journal

Mapping the 3D Chromosome Organization of a Biosynthetic Gene Cluster by Capture Hi-C (CHi-C).

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)·2026
Same journal

Mapping the 3D Chromosome Organization of Streptomyces by Hi-C.

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)·2026
Same journal

CUT&Tag Epigenomic Profiling of Biosynthetic Gene Clusters in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)·2026
Same journal

Rhizobium rhizogenes-Mediated Hairy Root Transformation Protocol for Lotus japonicus and Other Legumes.

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)·2026
Same journal

Characterization of Bioactive Saponins from Sea Cucumbers.

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)·2026
Same journal

Methods for Functional Validation of Terpenoid Metabolic Clusters in Nicotiana benthamiana and Aspergillus oryzae.

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Use of Bisection to Reduce Mitochondrial DNA in the Bovine Oocyte
06:15

Use of Bisection to Reduce Mitochondrial DNA in the Bovine Oocyte

Published on: July 6, 2022

Bovine somatic cell nuclear transfer.

Pablo J Ross1, Jose B Cibelli

  • 1Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|March 26, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) allows cloning mammals by reprogramming a cell nucleus. This study details a basic bovine SCNT protocol for efficient research and commercial applications.

More Related Videos

Transnuclear Mice with Pre-defined T Cell Receptor Specificities Against Toxoplasma gondii Obtained Via SCNT
13:36

Transnuclear Mice with Pre-defined T Cell Receptor Specificities Against Toxoplasma gondii Obtained Via SCNT

Published on: September 30, 2010

Combinational Treatment of Trichostatin A and Vitamin C Improves the Efficiency of Cloning Mice by Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer
09:52

Combinational Treatment of Trichostatin A and Vitamin C Improves the Efficiency of Cloning Mice by Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer

Published on: April 26, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Use of Bisection to Reduce Mitochondrial DNA in the Bovine Oocyte
06:15

Use of Bisection to Reduce Mitochondrial DNA in the Bovine Oocyte

Published on: July 6, 2022

Transnuclear Mice with Pre-defined T Cell Receptor Specificities Against Toxoplasma gondii Obtained Via SCNT
13:36

Transnuclear Mice with Pre-defined T Cell Receptor Specificities Against Toxoplasma gondii Obtained Via SCNT

Published on: September 30, 2010

Combinational Treatment of Trichostatin A and Vitamin C Improves the Efficiency of Cloning Mice by Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer
09:52

Combinational Treatment of Trichostatin A and Vitamin C Improves the Efficiency of Cloning Mice by Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer

Published on: April 26, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is a key technique for cloning mammals.
  • It involves transferring a somatic cell nucleus into an enucleated oocyte, followed by activation and nuclear reprogramming.
  • SCNT has significant applications in agriculture and biomedicine but faces efficiency limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe a standardized, basic protocol for bovine SCNT.
  • To provide a method amenable for research and commercial purposes.
  • To leverage the advantages of cattle for SCNT experiments.

Main Methods:

  • Enucleation of bovine oocytes.
  • Nuclear transplantation of somatic cells into enucleated oocytes.
  • Artificial activation of reconstructed embryos.
  • Transfer of cloned embryos to surrogate mothers.

Main Results:

  • The described protocol is a foundational method for bovine SCNT.
  • Cattle are a preferred species for SCNT due to oocyte availability and efficiency.
  • The protocol is adaptable for various research and commercial cloning needs.

Conclusions:

  • The presented bovine SCNT protocol is a valuable resource for the scientific community.
  • It facilitates further research and commercial applications of cloning technology.
  • Optimizing SCNT efficiency remains a critical area for future development.