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Nose and Nasal Cavity

Nose and Nasal Cavity

The nose is composed of an observable exterior segment (external nose) and an internal segment within the skull known as the nasal cavity (internal nose). The external nose, visible on the face, consists of a framework of bone and hyaline cartilage enveloped in skin and muscle and lined with a mucous membrane. This structure is supported by the frontal bone, nasal bones, and maxillary bone and is supplemented by a cartilaginous framework comprising the septal nasal cartilage, lateral nasal...

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The upper respiratory tract plays a vital role in the respiratory system, comprising several structures that facilitate air intake and prepare air for the lungs. It also serves as the first line of defense against pathogens and particles. This tract includes the nose and nasal cavity, the oral cavity, the paranasal sinuses, and the pharynx, each with specific functions and features.
Nose and nasal cavity
The nose and nasal cavity represent the main external openings of the respiratory tract.

Application of Integration: Problem Solving

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When a substance—isolated from its environment—is subjected to heat changes, corresponding changes in temperature and phase of the substance is observed; this is graphically represented by heating and cooling curves.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Modeling and Simulations of Olfactory Drug Delivery with Passive and Active Controls of Nasally Inhaled Pharmaceutical Aerosols

Modeling and Simulations of Olfactory Drug Delivery with Passive and Active Controls of Nasally Inhaled Pharmaceutical Aerosols

Published on: May 20, 2016

[Simulation and air-conditioning in the nose].

T Keck¹, J Lindemann

¹Abteilung für Hals-, Nasen-, Ohrenheilkunde, Kopf-, Hals- und Plastische Gesichtschirurgie, Elisabethinen-Krankenhaus GmbH, Akademisches Lehrkrankenhaus der Medizinischen Universität Graz, Osterreich. kecktill@aol.com

Laryngo- Rhino- Otologie

|March 31, 2010

Summary

Nasal airways condition inhaled air for optimal lung function. Due to measurement challenges, numerical simulations now enhance our understanding of intranasal heating and humidification, especially after surgery.

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Last Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Modeling and Simulations of Olfactory Drug Delivery with Passive and Active Controls of Nasally Inhaled Pharmaceutical Aerosols

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Published on: March 18, 2019

Area of Science:

Respiratory physiology
Biomedical engineering
Computational fluid dynamics

Context:

Nasal airways are crucial for conditioning inhaled air, ensuring optimal pulmonary gas exchange by heating, humidifying, and cleansing.
In vivo measurements of intranasal air conditioning face significant limitations in spatial and temporal resolution, restricting comprehensive analysis.
The complex nasal anatomy hinders detailed in vivo studies, necessitating advanced methodologies.

Purpose:

To synthesize current expertise on in vivo nasal air conditioning.
To integrate findings from numerical simulations of intranasal airflow and heat/mass transfer.
To review the impact of nasal and sinus surgery on nasal air conditioning.

Summary:

In vivo studies of nasal air conditioning are limited by technical challenges in measuring temperature and humidity throughout the nasal airways.
Numerical simulations provide valuable insights into the complex functions of nasal airways, overcoming in vivo measurement limitations.
This report consolidates knowledge on nasal air conditioning, highlighting simulation advancements and surgical influences.

Impact:

Advances understanding of nasal airway function in respiratory health.
Provides a basis for evaluating the effects of surgical interventions on breathing.
Highlights the utility of computational modeling in physiological research.