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Related Concept Videos

Diffusion01:12

Diffusion

Diffusion is the passive movement of substances down their concentration gradients—requiring no expenditure of cellular energy. Substances, such as molecules or ions, diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in the cytosol or across membranes. Eventually, the concentration will even out, with the substance moving randomly but causing no net change in concentration. Such a state is called dynamic equilibrium, which is essential for maintaining overall...
Diffusion01:21

Diffusion

Diffusion is a type of passive transport. In passive transport, a substance tends to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until the concentration is equal across the space. For example, take the diffusion of substances through the air. When someone opens a perfume bottle in a room filled with people, the perfume is at its highest concentration in the bottle and is at its lowest at the edges of the room. The perfume vapor will diffuse, or spread away, from the...
Mechanically-gated Ion Channels01:12

Mechanically-gated Ion Channels

Mechanically-gated ion channels are proteins found in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell membranes that open in response to mechanical stress. Tension, compression, swelling, and shear stress can alter the conformation of the protein, opening a transmembrane channel that allows the passage of ions for signal transmission. In eukaryotes, mechanically-gated channels are distributed in several regions like the neurons, lungs, skin, bladder, and heart, where they play critical roles in numerous...
Mechanically-gated Ion Channels01:12

Mechanically-gated Ion Channels

Mechanically-gated ion channels are proteins found in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell membranes that open in response to mechanical stress. Tension, compression, swelling, and shear stress can alter the conformation of the protein, opening a transmembrane channel that allows the passage of ions for signal transmission. In eukaryotes, mechanically-gated channels are distributed in several regions like the neurons, lungs, skin, bladder, and heart, where they play critical roles in numerous...
Carrier Transport01:21

Carrier Transport

The generation of electrical current in semiconductors is fundamentally driven by two mechanisms: drift and diffusion. These processes are essential for the functionality and performance of semiconductor-based devices.
Drift Current:
The drift of charge carriers is started by an external electric field (E). Charged particles, such as electrons and holes, experience an acceleration between collisions with lattice atoms. For electrons, this results in a drift velocity (vd) given by:
Electromotive Force02:36

Electromotive Force

Electricity is generated by either electrons or ions flowing through a solution or a conducting medium. This flow of electrons or specifically electrical charge is defined as an electric current. When electrons move through a wire, they generate an electric current. It can be recalled that in a redox reaction, electrons are lost and gained. In the spontaneous redox reaction of zinc with copper, when zinc is immersed in a copper ion solution, a transfer of electrons from one substance to...

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Sensing of Barrier Tissue Disruption with an Organic Electrochemical Transistor
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Published on: February 10, 2014

Passing current through touching molecules.

Guillaume Schull1, Thomas Frederiksen, Mads Brandbyge

  • 1Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, D-24098 Kiel, Germany.

Physical Review Letters
|April 7, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Charge flow between fullerene (C60) molecules was measured. Conductance was significantly lower for C60-C60 contacts than single C60 molecules, revealing key intermolecular interactions.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular electronics
  • Quantum transport
  • Nanoscale science

Background:

  • Fullerene (C60) molecules are crucial in molecular electronics.
  • Understanding charge transport through C60 assemblies is vital for device development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To probe charge flow between individual C60 molecules.
  • To characterize the electronic states and conformations of C60 molecules in contact.
  • To investigate the conductance of C60-C60 junctions.

Main Methods:

  • Cryogenic scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) was used to characterize molecule conformation and electronic states.
  • Electrical conductance measurements were performed on single C60 and C60-C60 contacts.
  • First-principles quantum transport calculations were employed to model the experimental observations.

Main Results:

  • The conductance of a single C60 molecule between copper electrodes varied by a factor of 3.
  • The conductance of C60-C60 contacts was consistently two orders of magnitude lower than single C60 contacts.
  • Calculations accurately reproduced experimental results and determined C60-C60 distances.

Conclusions:

  • Intermolecular interactions significantly reduce charge transport in C60 assemblies.
  • The intermolecular link plays a critical role in the electronic properties of multi-C60 chains.
  • This study provides fundamental insights into charge transport mechanisms at the molecular level.